Biography in English

Huang Fu (8 March 1880-6 December 1936), government official, was a friend and adviser of Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yü-hsiang. In the early 1920's he held such posts in Peking as acting foreign minister and minister of education. From 3 to 24 November 1924 he functioned as premier, president, and minister of interior. He served the National Government as minister of foreign affairs (1928) and as chairman of the Peiping political affairs council (1933-35).

Paikuanchen, Shaohsing, Chekiang province, was the birthplace of Huang Fu. His father, Huang Wen-chih, came from a once-prosperous family in Chiahsing, Chekiang. He had been forced to leave Chiahsing during the Taiping Rebellion and had gone to live with an uncle in Paikuanchen. Huang Wen-chih, a man of scholarly accomplishments and a hou-pu chouhsien [expectant magistrate], died in Hanghsien in 1886. His widow, nee Lu, thereupon moved with her four sons (of whom Huang Fu, then seven sui, was the second) to Hangchow, where she sent Huang Fu to a charity-supported local school, the Cheng-meng i-shu, for a classical primary education. When Huang was 17 sui (1896), he took the provincial examinations and received an invitation to study under the Hangchow prefect. Because he had to help support his family, he was forced to refuse the invitation.

During the Hundred Days Reform period of 1898 Huang came upon Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's essay "Shang wu lun" [on the martial spirit] and was so strongly affected by it that he began to consider a military career. In 1903, when teaching literature and mathematics in the Anchi hsien school, he took the entrance examinations for the newly established Chekiang Military School. Because he doubted his abilities, he used the name Huang Fu. He ranked first on the list of successful candidates and in 1904 embarked upon his new studies at Hangchow. Thereafter, he went by the name Huang Fu. In 1905 Huang was sent by the provincial government to Japan for advanced study. He matriculated at the Shimbu Gakko [military preparatory school] and joined the T'ung-menghui. His enthusiasm for the revolutionary cause led him to organize a group of some 25 Chinese military students in Japan which included Li Lieh-chim, Yen Hsi-shan, and Chang Ch'un. During his stay in Tokyo, Huang collaborated with Chiang Kai-shek and others in publishing the periodical Wü-hsueh tsa-chih [military studies magazine]. He contributed articles to Chinese and Japanese publications under the pen names Ming-ch'ih and K'u-k'uei.

After Huang completed his course of study at the Shimbu Gakko in 1908, he went to the Military Survey Academy in Tokyo. After being graduated with honors in 1910, he returned to China and became a topographer in the military advisory bureau at Peking. He also translated a Japanese book on the 1904 battle of Port Arthur into Chinese under the title Jou-taü [bullets of flesh].

At the time of the Wuchang revolt in October 1911, Huang Fu was participating in military maneuvers near Shanhaikuan, charged with the care of foreign guests. The Peking government sent him to Shanghai as a "military investigator." He promptly resigned and joined the staff of Ch'en Ch'i-mei (q.v.). When Ch'en assumed office as Shanghai tutuh [military governor], Huang became his chief of staff. He also organized the 2nd Division (later designated the 23rd Division) and became its commander. That unit participated in the capture of Nanking by the revolutionaries in December. Among its regimental commanders was Chiang Kai-shek, Huang's associate of Tokyo days. Huang, Ch'en, and Chiang became sworn brothers at this time.

After the provisional government was established at Nanking in January 1912, Huang became superintendent of the base headquarters of the northern expeditionary forces. In February, he was transferred to the headquarters of the newly appointed Kiangsu military governor, Ch'eng Te-ch'uan. His first task was to disband the northern expeditionary forces.

At the end of 1912 Huang was ordered to go abroad for further military study. He and Chang Ch'im were to join Ch'en Ch'i-mei in Japan and proceed to Europe. In mid-March, Ch'en changed his mind about the trip and was already in communication with Huang when, on 20 March, the revolutionary leader Sung Chiao-jen (q.v.) was assassinated by agents of Yuan Shih-k'ai. Ch'en Ch'i-mei then cancelled all plans for a European trip. Sun Yat-sen returned to Shanghai from Japan, and he, Ch'en Ch'i-mei, and Huang Hsing joined in opposition to Yuan Shih-k'ai. Although Huang Hsing counseled delay because of the strength of Yuan's forces, the so-called second revolution began in May. Ch'en's forces failed in an attempt to take the Shanghai arsenal; in mid- August, they were compelled to evacuate the Woosung fort. After Yuan Shih-k'ai ordered the arrest of Huang Hsing and other revolutionaries, Huang Fu fled to Japan in August. He was joined there by Ch'en Ch'i-mei. Ch'en Ch'i-mei and Huang Fu soon came to a parting of ways over the question of tactics. When Ch'en in January 1914 proposed going to Manchuria to carry on revolutionary activities, Huang argued strongly with him, holding that it would only mean the dissipation of scarce resources, without benefit to anyone. Because Ch'en did not heed his advice, Huang set forth his ideas in a letter to his old comrade and boarded a ship for Singapore; he did not communicate with Ch'en for three months. In June, Sun Yat-sen endeavored to strengthen his position by organizing, in Japan, the Chung-kuo ko-ming-tang, with Ch'en Ch'i-mei as director of general affairs. However, his requirement that members swear personal allegiance to him created dissension among his followers. Among the dissenters was Huang Fu, who broke with Sun's group and never rejoined it.

In 1914, using the pen name Yi-t'ai, Huang published an analysis of the conflict in Europe in the Singapore Kuo-mmjih-pao on 9-12 August. He forecast that Germany and Austria would be defeated and stated that China should seize the opportunity to recover Tsingtao. At that time, the Japanese were moving to occupy the German concession in Shantung. In the spring of 1915, he went by way of Japan to the United States, where he took up residence in Oakland, California. He visited a number of West Coast cities and participated in meetings at the American headquarters of the Kuomintang. After the outbreak of the rebellion against Yuan Shih-k'ai in the southwest, Huang went by Japanese freighter to Hong Kong in December 1915. In response to the summons of revolutionary comrades, he went to Shanghai in January 1916 to help plan military action in Chekiang and to assume the post of military commissioner for the revolutionary troops in that province. His efforts were crowned with success in mid-April when Chekiang declared independence. After the death of Yuan Shihk'ai in June, Huang made a short trip to Peking as a representative of the Chekiang military government.

On 14 August 1917 the Peking government, then dominated by Tuan Ch'i-jui (q-v.), formally announced its decision to enter the First World War on the side of the Allies. Huang Fu reiterated his belief that China should seize the opportunity to recover Tsingtao and urged Wang Ta-hsieh, the foreign minister, to take appropriate action. Wang refused his request, saying that no such action could be taken so long as national unity was lacking. Soon afterwards, Huang went to live in Tientsin, where he busied himself with study and writing. At Tientsin, he made the acquaintance of such important political figures as Chang Yao-tseng and Hsü Shih-ch'ang fq.v.). In collaboration with Chang, he organized the National Peace Association and helped spread the "peace movement" to Shanghai, with the purpose of frustrating Tuan Ch'i-jui's program of unifying the country by military force. In 1918 and 1919 he published two of his most important works: Ou-chan chih chiao-hsun yü Chung-kuo chih chiang-lai [lessons of the European war and the future of China] and Chan-hou chih shih-chieh [the postwar world] .

Late in 1919 Huang Fu gave a series of nine lectures in Tientsin which later were published as Chan-hou chih hsin-chieh [the postwar new world]. Hsti Shih-ch'ang, who held the presidency from 1918 to 1922, in 1920 commissioned Huang to write a book for him and gave him the title of consultant in the presidential office. Hsü also made him director of the Chinese economic investigation bureau. The book was published in 1920 as Ou-chan hou Chungkuo, ching-chi yü chiao-yü [China after the European war: economics and education]. That Huang had written it was not disclosed until his death.

In February 1921 Huang was sent on a semi-official mission to the United States and Europe to study economic conditions. He reached New York in early summer. When the Washington Conference was scheduled, he and Yuan T'ung-li (q.v.) wrote an article entitled "Hua-sheng-tun hui-i fa-ch'i chih nei-jung chih chiang-lai chih ch'ü-shih" [the beginning of the Washington Conference and its future tendencies], which was published in the Shanghai Hsin-wen-pao at the beginning of September. The Peking authorities promptly made him an adviser to the Chinese delegation, then already in Washington. When the conference opened in November, Huang served as Hsü Shihch'ang's personal representative at the meeting. However, on 7 December, Huang resigned from the Chinese delegation, and shortly afterwards he left for Europe. After a brief stopover in London, he traveled in France, Belgium, Holland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Hungary, Switzerland, and Germany collecting cartographic materials and surveying military affairs. In the autumn of 1922 he returned to Tientsin.

In September 1922 Huang Fu was appointed by Li Yuan-hung (q.v.), who had assumed the presidency at Peking, to organize and direct a finance commission. In November, he was appointed high commissioner of a national conference on finance. His friend Chang Shao-tseng formed a new cabinet in December, and Huang became acting foreign minister two months later. After the Peking government's envoys to foreign countries, long unpaid, submitted their resignations, Huang resigned on 22 March 1923. His resignation was accepted ten days later, when it became obvious that he would not reconsider his decision. He then agreed to serve as a member of the foreign affairs committee.

During the 1922-24 period, Huang lectured at Peking University and National Normal University on military institutions, world political geography, and world politics; he became known as a vigorous and learned speaker. In September 1923 he was appointed minister of education. He left office when the entire cabinet resigned in January 1924, but was returned to the post in September, when W. W. Yen (Yen Hui-ch'ing, q.v.) formed a new cabinet. Huang had become a close associate of Feng Yü-hsiang (q.v.) and had lectured to the officers at Feng's headquarters near Peking. In mid- October 1924 Feng secretly sent an agent from Langfang to Peking to contact Huang. On 18 October, Huang sent Feng a message which said "this is the juncture to determine to save the country." After Huang met with Feng at Kuoliying on 21 October, Feng and Sun Yueh turned against Wu P'ei-fu and Ts'ao K'un (qq.v.) and occupied Peking on 23 October. Huang then returned to Peking. He was the only member of the W. W. Yen cabinet who had collaborated with Feng in the coup. After the resignation of the Yen cabinet at the end of the month, he assumed the post of acting premier. And when Ts'ao K'un, under detention, resigned on 3 November, Huang announced that he was performing presidential functions ad interim. He also assumed the burdens of another post, that of minister of interior. When Feng forcibly ousted P'u-yi (q.v.) from his palace and stripped him of most of his perquisites, Huang Fu legitimized the action by adding a unilateral "amendment" to the Articles of Favorable Treatment of 1912. In mid- November 1924 Tuan Ch'i-jui (q.v.) assumed the post of provisional chief executive, and on 24 November, the Huang Fu cabinet was dissolved. Huang became a member, and then vice chairman, of a new financial rehabilitation commission.

In October 1925 Huang was made a delegate to the customs tariff conference in Peking. He was appointed ambassador to Germany, but was unable to proceed to his new post because the work of the customs tariff conference was unfinished and because he was acting as a political intermediary between Tuan Ch'i-jui and Feng Yti-hsiang. In January 1926 the tariff conference began to hold sessions again. Huang tried, without success, to convince the Japanese that China and Japan should aid each other and that Japan ought to be the first of the treaty powers to renounce its tariff privileges. When the Kuominchim evacuated Peking in April, Huang retired to Tientsin.

By October 1926 Northern Expedition forces had reached the Yangtze. In November, Feng Yü-hsiang wrote to Huang asking advice regarding his future course of action. Later that month, Chiang Kai-shek sent a message and then sent Chang Ch'tin to Huang, arking him to join the Nationalists. Huang finally agreed and left Tientsin for Nanchang in early January. Shortly afterwards, for the first time in more than ten years, he met with Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang left for the critical party meetings at W^uhan on 11 January 1927, and Huang followed. The right wing faction of the Kuomintang suffered setbacks at the W^uhan conferences. Huang departed about two weeks later to reside temporarily at Lushan. He was invited to join the Kuomintang, with Chiang Kai-shek as one of his sponsors, but declined. Huang held a number of strategy discussions with Chiang and other Kuomintang officials, proposing, among other things, alliance with Feng Yü-hsiang and Yen Hsi-shan. Of immediate importance to Chiang Kai-shek was the situation at Shanghai {see Sun Ch'uan-fang). Huang was sent to Shanghai with the mission of doing all he could to achieve Nationalist victory. Shanghai was captured on 22 March 1927.

The break between the right and left wings of the Kuomintang occurred in mid-April 1927, and Chiang Kai-shek established his opposition government at Nanking. Feng Yü-hsiang now held the balance of power between Chiang Kai-shek at Nanking and Wang Ching-wei at Wuhan. Huang Fu and Ku Chung-hsiu acted as Nanking's representatives to Feng and Yen Hsi-shan. Huang also participated in the conference held by Feng Yü-hsiang and Chiang Kai-shek at Hsuchow from 19 to 21 June, after which Feng chose to side with Chiang against the Wuhan regime. Feng's telegram of 2J June announcing his decision to the Wuhan authorities was drafted by Huang Fu. On 7 July 1927 Huang took office as mayor of Shanghai. In accordance with plans made by Sun Yat-sen, the boundaries of Shanghai had been extended and it had been designated a special municipality under the direct jurisdiction of the National Government. Huang began the task of creating a legal and administrative framework for the new municipality, but he resigned a few days after Chiang Kai-shek retired from office on 12 August.

In February 1928, Chiang Kai-shek having resumed control of the National Government, Huang Fu was made a member of the State Council and minister of foreign affairs. He inherited the task of settling claims made as a result of the incident at Nanking of March 1927 [see Chiang Kai-sheky when a number of foreigners had been killed and foreign property had been destroyed by Nationalist forces. He brought the matter to a successful conclusion in April. In the meantime, Huang had sent an envoy to Tokyo to dissuade the Japanese from interfering with the advance of the Northern Expedition forces. However, the Japanese sent troops to Shantung in April which clashed with Nationalist troops at Tsinan on 3 May. Chiang Kai-shek and Huang Fu, who were in Tsinan at the time, immediately returned to Nanking. Huang's protests to the Japanese and appeals to the League of Nations for intervention were unsuccessful. On 21 May, he went to Shanghai and wired his resignation to Nanking. Huang retired to Mokanshan, a Chekiang mountain resort, and lived in seclusion for three years. He declined offers of diplomatic posts in London and Berlin and refused to assume office as vice chairman of the Hwai River conservancy board in June 1929, although he took part in the ceremonies to inaugurate the board. Huang studied Buddhism and became interested in the cultural and economic problems of the Mokanshan villagers. Ch'en Kuo-fu (q.v.), then the acting director of the organization department of the Kuomintang, frequently intruded upon Huang's pastoral existence to seek advice on party organization. In October 1930, when the bloody fighting between the troops of the National Government and those of the northern coalition (see Feng Yü-hsiang; Yen Hsi-shan) came to an end, Huang's "Prayer for Peace" was published as an editorial in all Shanghai newspapers. In April 1931 he was appointed to the Peiping cultural guidance committee, but he again refused to leave Mokanshan.

After the Japanese Kwantung Army began its advance in the north with the Mukden Incident of 18 September 1931, Huang Fu found it impossible to remain apart from political life in China. He went to Shanghai and helped organize the New China Reconstruction Society as a forum for the discussion of public affairs. The society soon began to publish a monthly, the Fu-hsing yueh-k'an. Huang did not forget the people of Mokanshan, however; he established the Mokan Elementary School and organized the Mokan Countryside Improvement Association in March 1933. Huang's resumption of public activity led to his appointment in May 1933 as chairman of the Peiping political affairs council, which had jurisdiction over the five northern provinces of China. The Japanese had begun to work toward the establishment of an autonomous regime in those same provinces, and Huang soon was called upon to negotiate with them. The result of his efforts was the Tangku Truce of 3 1 May, which many Chinese regarded as being tantamount to surrender. Huang Fu, for his part in the matter, was attacked as a "pro-Japanese traitor." In the meantime, Feng Yü-hsiang, who also had descended from a mountain retreat to meet the Japanese threat to China, had appointed himself commander in chief of what he called the People's Allied Anti-Japanese Army and had begun to assemble troops. Huang Fu and Sung Che-yuan (q.v.), acting as representatives of the National Government, finally persuaded Feng to abandon his plans; Feng disbanded his army in August and returned to his mountain retreat at T'ai-shan. At the time of his retirement, the north China railway lines resumed operations. After going to Nanking to report on his mission, Huang visited Feng at T'ai-shan in October.

Huang Fu returned to Peiping and energetically applied himself to strengthening the political affairs council. He refused an invitation from Ch'en Ming-shu (q.v.) to join the Fukien revolt against Chiang Kai-shek and declined offers from Chiang of higher posts in the National Government. In April 1934 he went to Nanchang and met with Chiang, who was directing the fifth campaign against the Chinese Communists. After returning north in September, he concluded negotiations for the restoration of postal service with Manchuria^ then Manchoukuo—in December. Popular dissatisfaction with Huang increased, and impassioned nationalists charged that the working arrangements he had reached with the Japanesesponsored regime in the Northeast constituted defacto recognition of Manchoukuo. Huang was appointed minister of interior, but he remained in Peiping.

In January 1935 a new crisis arose in north China with the Japanese occupation of Kuyuan in eastern Chahar. Although a new compromise agreement was signed, Japanese political, military, and economic pressure continued to increase. Huang Fu requested sick leave and returned to Mokanshan. The Peiping political affairs council was abolished on 28 August. Huang resigned as minister of interior on 10 September; he had not assumed the duties of that office. He participated in political discussions at Nanking in early December and then went to Shanghai. In February 1936 he returned to Mokanshan. Huang Fu, who had suffered from a liver ailment for some time, became quite ill in the spring of 1936. In August, he was taken to a Shanghai hospital, where his illness was diagnosed as cancer of the liver. The following month, he was made an alternate member of the State Council. He died in Shanghai on 6 December 1936.

Huang Fu married twice. His first marriage, in 1898, ended in divorce in 1910. About 1912 he married Shen Yi-yun. Huang was survived by his second wife and by two married daughters, Hsi-wen and Hsi-chih.

In 1937 a collection of commemorative articles and messages was published under the title Huang Ying-pai hsien-sheng ku-chin kan-i-lu [collection of articles in memory of Huang Fu]. Shen Yi-yun, who later moved to the United States, wrote a biographical article entitled "Huang Ying-pai hsien-sheng chia-chuan." A detailed chronological biography of Huang Fu was prepared by Shen Yün-lung under the title "Huang Ying-pai hsien-sheng nien-p'u ch'u-k'ao."

Biography in Chinese

黄郛
原名:黄绍麟
字:膺白
号:昭甫

黄郛(1880.3.8——1936.2.3)政府官员.蒋介石、冯玉祥的朋友和顾问。二十年代初期,在北京曾任代理外交总长和教育总长。1924年11月3日到24日摄行内阁总理、总统和内务总长职务。1928年任国民政府外交部长,1933—35
年任行政院驻平政务整理委员会委员长。

黄郛出生在浙江绍兴百官镇。他父亲黄文治本为浙江嘉兴的一家富户,太平天国时迁离嘉兴到百官镇与叔父住在一起。黄文治学有所成授候补州县,1886年死在杭县,寡妻陆氏带了四个孩子(黄郛是继子,当时年仅七岁)到杭
州,送黄郛到本地的正蒙义塾受旧式教育。1896年黄郛十七岁时,应府试补杭县学生。

1898年百日维新后,黄郛读到梁启超的《尚武论》,印象极深,他准备从军。1903年,当他在安吉县学堂教国文及数学课程时,考进了新成立的浙江武备学堂。他对自己的才能殊少信心,改名为黄郛。结果他名列第一,1904年被
派到杭州学习。此后,他就用黄郛这个名字了。

1905年黄郛由浙江省派往日本深造。他进了振武学校(陆军预备学校),又加入了同盟会。他热心革命事业,组织丈夫团,先后有二十五名留日军校学生参加,其中有李烈钧、阎锡山,张群等人。黄郛在东京期间,与蒋介石等人
办了一份期刊《武学杂志》黄郛用明耻、哭逵等笔名在中日文刊物上发表文章。

1908年,黄郛从振武学校毕业后,进了东京(日本参谋部所设)陆军测量部地形科肄业,1910年黄郛以优异成绩毕业回国,在北京军谘府测量部当测绘员,同时把日文的有关旅顺战役的一本著作译成中文,书名《肉弹》。

1911年10月武昌起义时,黄郛参加了山海关的军事演习,负责招待外宾。北京政府派他以“军事观察员”身份去上海。他不久辞去该职,投向陈其美。陈其美任上海都督、黄郛任参谋长。他编组了第二师(后改编为第二十三师),
任师长。该师于12月参加了革命军攻占南京之役,团长中有黄郛在东京时的朋友蒋介石,黄、陈、蒋结拜为兄弟。

1912年1月,南京临时政府成立,黄郛任北伐军兵站总监。2月,黄郛调回为新任都督程徳全的参谋长,他的第一件任务是编遣北伐军。

1912年底,黄郛被派出国考察军事,他和张群准备到日本与陈其美会合一起去欧洲。3月中旬,陈其美改变主意,他在3月20日宋教仁被袁世凯的特工人员刺杀时已与黄郛取得联系,于是他们放弃了欧洲之行。孙中山从日本回上海,
他和陈其美、黄兴联合反袁。尽管黄兴因袁世凯兵力很强,主张推迟,所谓的二次革命在5月份发动起来了。陈其美军攻打上海兵工厂失败,8月中旬,被迫撤出吴淞炮台。袁世凯下令逮捕黄兴及其它革命党人,8日黄郛逃到日本,
陈其美也到了那里与他会合。

陈其美和黄郛对斗争策略方针出现了分歧。陈其美在1914年1月间提出在满洲进行革命活动的建议,黄极力和他争论,认为这样做除了消耗有限的力量之外,别无其它好处。陈其美对他的劝告并未重视,黄郛把他的意见写成书信
交给他这位老同事之后,乘船到新加坡去了,此去有三月之久与陈其美不通消息。6月,孙中山在日本计划组织中国革命党以加强其地位,陈其美任总务部长。孙中山要求党员宣誓向他效忠而造成的分裂,黄郛即其中一人,他与孙中
山脱离关系,以后未再联合。

1914年黄郛用以太的笔名在8月9日到12日的新加坡《国民日报》上发表文章,分析欧洲的战争,预见德奥必败并认为中国应利用这个机会收复青岛。11月日本派兵去佔领山东的德国租借地。1915年春,黄郛经日本去美国,居住在
加利福尼亚州的奥克兰市。他访问了西海岸的各大城市,参加了国民党美洲总支部的会议。

自从西南的反袁运动开始,黄郛于1915年12月乘日本货轮到香港。他应革命党人之邀,于1916年1月到上海,协助计划浙江的军事,任该省军事委员。黄郛的努力获得成功,4月中旬,浙江省宣布独立。袁世凯死后,黄郛作为浙
江军政府代表去北京。

1917年8月14日,由段祺瑞控制的北京政府正式宣布参加第一次世界大战。黄郛再次认为中国必须趁此机会收复青岛,催请外交总长汪大燮采取相应步骤。汪大燮拒而未加采用,认为国家尚未统一,不应采取此种行动,此后,黄郛寓居天津,忙于研究和著述。他在天津,认识了张耀曾、徐世昌等重要的政界人物。他和张耀曾一起,组成了一个“全国和平联合会”把和平运动推广到上海,以挫败段祺瑞武力统一中国的计划。1918年,1919年,他发表了两篇重要文章,《欧战之教训与中国之将来》及《战后之世界》。

1919年,黄郛在天津作了九次讲演,编印出版为《欧战后之新世界》。1918—1922年徐世昌任总统时,任黄郛为总统府参事,委托黄为他写一本书,徐还任命他为中国经济调查局局长。《欧战后之中国》书出版于1920年,直
到黄死后人们方知此书是他所写。

1921年,黄郛以半官方身份派去美国、欧洲考察经济,当年夏初到达美国,正筹备召开华盛顿会议,黄郛和袁同礼在9月初上海的新闻报上发表《华盛顿会议发起之内容及将来之趋势》一文。北京当局即派他为已在华盛顿的中
国代表团顾问。11月华盛顿会议开幕,黄郛以徐世昌的个人代表身份出席会议。2月7日,黄郛辞去代表团职务,不久去欧洲。他在伦敦略作停留,即去法、比、荷;捷、意、匈、瑞士、德等国游历,收集制图材料并考察军事。1922年秋他回到天津。

1922年9月,黄郛经总统黎元洪特派筹办财政会议事宜,11月任全国财政会议高级专员。12月,他的朋友张绍曾组阁,两月后,黄郛代理外交总长。北京政府驻国外使馆因长期欠薪,提出总辞职,黄郛亦于1923年3月22日请辞。当
看到他无改变此决心之意时,十日后辞职被批准。他后来同意任外交委员会委员。

1922年到1924年间,他在北京大学、北京师范大学讲授军事制度、世界政治地理、世界政治等课程,他显示了才气纵横而又学识渊博的演说才能。1923年9月任教育总长。1924年1月,内阁总辞职,他也离职,9月颜惠庆组阁,他
又出任原职.

黄郛和冯玉祥关系密切,他给冯玉祥驻在北京附近的司令部的军官讲课。1924年10月,冯玉祥从廊坊秘密派人到北京与黄郛联系。10月18日,黄郛给冯玉祥信说“这是救国的关键时刻。”10月21日,黄郛去高丽营会见冯玉祥,
冯和孙岳乃倒戈反吴佩孚和曹锟,10月23日进占北京;于是黄郛回到北京。他是颜惠庆内阁中唯一参加冯玉详兵变合作的阁员。月底,颜惠庆内阁辞职,黄郛代理内阁总理。当曹锟被监禁,并于11月3日辞职时,黄郛宣称在过渡时期代行总统职务,同时又兼任内务总长。冯玉祥把溥仪赶出宫外,取消了他的岁费,黄郛在1912年拟定的优惠条例上増加了单方面的“修改”,使这一行动合法化。1924年11月中旬,段祺瑞任临时执政,11月24日,黄郛内阁解职,任财
政善后委员会副委员长。

1925年10月,黄郛出席在北京召开的关税会议。当时他已被任命为驻徳公使,因关税会议的工作未完,又因他是段祺瑞和冯玉祥之间的政治中间人,所以未能就任。1926年1月,关税会议继续开会,黄郛试图说服日本方面,认为
中日两国应该互助,日方应当带头放弃关税特权,但未能成功。4月,国民军撤出北京,黄郛退居天津。

1926年10月,北伐军到达长江流域,11月冯玉祥给黄郛写信,向他请教此后的行止。同月底,蒋介石给他写信,又派张群去见黄郛,邀他支持国民党。黄郛终于同意了,于次年1月初离天津到南昌,见列了十多年未见面的蒋介石。1927年1月12日,蒋介石去武汉参加重要的国民党会议,黄随同前往。在武汉会议中,右翼势力受到挫败,黄郛于两周后离去,暂住在庐山。黄郛被邀请参加国民党,蒋介石为介绍人之一,但黄未允。黄郛和蒋介石及其他国民影官员
作了多次策略问题的讨论,他提出的建议有一项是去张与冯玉祥、阎锡山联盟。当时对蒋介石最感紧迫的是上海的形势,派黄郛到上海尽力为国民党夺取胜利。1927年3月22日攻占上海。

1927年4月中旬,国民党内左右派分裂,蒋介石在南京成立了反对派政府。当时,冯玉祥在南京的蒋介石和武汉的汪精卫之闻处于举足轻重的地位。黄郛和谷锺秀为南京方面的代表分别去见冯玉祥和阎锡山。黄郛出席了6月19日到
21日蒋介石和冯玉祥在徐州的会议,冯玉祥决定站在蒋介石一边反对武汉政府。6月21日冯玉祥致电武汉政府声明他的态度,此电系由黄郛拟稿。

1927年7月7日,黄郛任上海市长。根据孙中山的计划,上海市区已扩大,成为特别市,直接属国民政府。黄郛著手从法律和行政上筹组新市政府,但在8月12日蒋介石辞职后没有几天,他也辞职了。

1928年2月,蒋介石重掌国民政府大权,黄郛任政府委员,外交部长,他处理以前遗留下的1927年3月南京事件中国民党军队使一些外侨的生命财产费到损失的索赔交涉。4月,他圆满地解决了这一事项,同时黄郛又派一名代表去东京,劝日方不要干扰北伐军的进军。但是,日军于4月出兵山东,造成了5月3日在济南的冲突。那时,蒋介石和黄郛都在济南,立即回到南京。黄郛为此提出抗议并要求国联干预而未成功。5月21日,他到上海,向南京电请辞职。

黄郛到浙江的山区休养胜地莫干山隐居有三年之久。他既不就也伦敦和柏林之职,也未应1929年6月导淮委员会副委员长之职,但出席了该委员会的成立典礼。他研究佛学,并对莫干山村民的文化经济情况发生兴趣,当时国民党
代理组织部长陈果夫常常打扰黄郛的田园生活,向他请教党务组织的问题。1930年10月,国民政府和阎冯北方联盟的激战结束,黄郛携《祈祷和平》一文,作为社论在上海各报发表。1931年4月,他被聘为指导整理北平市文化委员会委员,但他仍拒不肯离开莫干山。

1931年发生了九一八沈阳事变,日本关东军开始向北推进后,黄郛觉得不能再置身于中国政治生活之外了,他到上海帮助成立了一个新中国建设学会。作为讨论国事的场所,该会出版了《复兴月刊》。但黄郛并未忘怀莫干山的百
姓,创办了莫干山小学,1933年3月,组织了莫干山乡屯改进协会。黄郛重新出现在公众事务的活动,导致他1933年6月被任命为管辖华北五省的行政院驻平政务整理委员会委员长。日本方面已开始策划在这些省份中成立自治政权。
黄郛被派进行谈判,结果出现了5月31日的塘沽协定。人们都认为这等于是屈服,黄郛在此事中的作用,被斥为“亲日汉奸”。

当时,冯玉祥从山林隐居出来以对付日本的威胁,自任民众抗日同盟军总商令,召募军队。黄郛和宋哲元代表国民及府前去劝他放弃这一计划。8月,冯玉祥解散了军队又回到泰山隐居。当时,华北地区铁路已恢复通车。10月,
黄郛回南京汇报时,到秦山访见了冯玉详。黄郛回到北平,积极从事加强政务委员会。他拒绝陈铭枢邀他参加反蒋介石的福建政变,也未应蒋介石之请出任国民政府中的更高级官职。1934年4月,蒋介石对中国共产党进行第五次围剿时,黄郛到南昌会见蒋介石。他9月回北方后,12月谈妥与东北——那时为满洲国——恢复通邮。群众对黄郛日益不满,激动的民族主义人士认为他与东北日伪当局所订协定事实上承认了满洲国。黄郛被任命为内政部长,但他仍留在北平。

1935年1月,日军占领察东的沽源,华北出现了新危机。虽签签订了一个妥协性的协定,但日本的军政和经济压力继续增加。黄郛借口疾病请假回到莫干山。8月28日,北平政务委员会撤销。9月10日,黄郛辞去内政部长之职。实
际上他从未就任此职。12月初,他在肃京参加政治会谈,不久回上海。1936年2月,又回到莫干山。

黄郛曾患肝病,1936年春病势加剧。8月,他到上海进医院治疗,诊断为肝癌。9月.被选为国民政府委员,1936年12月6日死在上海。

黄郛曾结过两次婚,第一次在1898年,1910年离婚。1912年与沈亦云结婚。黄郛遗有寡妻沈亦云,和两个已婚的女儿熙文和熙治。

1937年出版一本名为黄郛的回忆论文和书信集《黄膺白先生古今感忆录》
的纪念性文章和文集。沈亦云后来迁居美国,写了一篇《黄膺白先生家传》,
又由沈云龙编成一本编年传记《黄膺白先生年谱初稿》。

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