Chang Jen-chieh 張人傑 T. Ching-chiang Chang Jen-chieh (19 September 1877-3 September 1950), businessman and goverment official, was an early supporter of Sun Yat-sen and a patron of Chiang Kai-shek. He was one of the "four elder statesmen of the Kuomintang" and served as governor of Chekiang province and as director of the National Reconstruction Commission […]

Chu Chia-hua (30 May 1893-3 January 1963), held office in the National Government as minister of education (1932-33; 1944-48), minister of communications (1932-35), and vice president of the Examination Yuan (1941-44). From 1939 to May 1944 he headed the organization department of the Kuomintang. He also served as secretary general (1936-38) and acting president (1940-58) […]

Chang Yuan-chi (1866-14 August 1959), largely responsible for developing the Commercial Press into the largest publishing house in China, produced a major textbook series, built up the Han-fen-lou library, and, using modern techniques, initiated the large-scale reprinting of rare books, including the 24 dynastic histories and rare editions of the Ssu-k'u cli'uan-shu. He also established […]

Chang Chi 張繼 T. P'u-ch'uan 溥泉 Chang Chi (31 August 1882-1 5 December 1947), political figure, an anti-Manchu revolutionary and editor of the Min-pao who became an elder statesman of the Kuomintang and one of the few northern Chinese to achieve prominence in that party. He was a leading member of the right-wing Western Hills […]

Chang Kuo-t'ao (1897-), one of the founders of the Chinese Communist movement, was an influential leader of the Chinese Communist party until 1938, when he defected to the National Government after coming into conflict with Mao Tse-tung. In the 1920's, Chang headed the China Trade Union Secretariat. In the early 1930's, he was one of […]

Chang Ping-lin 章炳麟 Orig. Chang Hsueh-ch'eng 章學乘 Chang Chiang 章絳 T. Mei-shu 枚叔 H. T'ai-yen 太炎 Tao-han 菿漢 Chang Ping-lin (25 December 1868-14 June 1936), scholar and anti-Manchu revolutionary, was an editor of the noted newspaper Su-pao and of the T'ung-meng-hui's Min-pao [people's journal] and a leader of the Kuang-fu-hui [restoration society]. A prominent classical […]

Yuan T'ung-li T. Shou-ho Yuan T'ung-li (1895-6 February 1965), distinguished library administrator and bibliographer who was a pioneer in the modern library movement in China. The second son of a government official in Hsushui, Chihli (Hopei), Yuan T'ung-li was brought up in a scholarly environment. His elder brother was Yuan Fu-li, who later became a […]

Hsü Pei-hung (19 July 1895-26 September 1953), artist, was best known for his mastery of both Chinese and Western painting techniques and for his powerful studies of galloping horses. A native of the Ihsing district of Kiangsu, Hsü Pei-hung was the eldest of six children; he had two brothers and three sisters. His father, Hsü […]

Hsiung Hsi-ling (1870-1942), government official, is best known as the premier of the "first caliber cabinet" of 1913-14. Hsiung all but retired from public life in 1914. He later achieved considerable reputation as a philanthropist and sponsor of charitable works. A native of Fenghuang hsien, Hunan, Hsiung Hsi-ling was the son of a military officer […]

Wu Chih-hui (25 March 1864-30 October 1953), scholar and educator, social reformer and revolutionary, anti-Communist and longtime associate of Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei, Chang Jenchieh, and Li Shih-tseng. They came to be identified as the "four elder statesmen" of the Kuomintang. Wu was also known for his efforts to standardize the Chinese spoken language. Yanghu hsien (Wuchin), […]