Chang Chia-sen 張嘉森 T. Chün-mai West. Carsun Chang Chang Chia-sen (1886-), known as Carsun Chang, a leading supporter of Liang Ch'ich'ao's ideas and movements, worked for the establishment of constitutional government in the early 1900's. Prominent in the attempt to focus attention in China on cultural and educational activities, he studied philosophy in Germany and […]
Chang Hsün 張勳 T. Shao-hsuan 少軒 H. Sung-shou 松壽 Chang Hsün (14 December 1854-September 1923), military leader, is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to restore the Manchu dynasty in 1917. The family into which Chang Hsün was born had lived for generations in a small village near the district-city of Fenghsin, west of Nanchang […]
Chang I-lin 張一麐 T. Chung-jen Cheng-chiao H. Kung-fu Min-yung Ta-huan chu-shih Chang I-lin (1867-24 October 1943), government official, was a trusted secretary to Yuan Shih-k'ai for many years during the late Ch'ing and early republican periods. A native of Wuhsien, Kiangsu, Chang I-lin was born into a gentry-official family. His father, Chang Shih-i, was a […]
Chou Tzu-ch'i (1871-20 October 1932), government official, served Yuan Shih-k'ai's government as minister of finance. Because of his complicity in Yuan's monarchical plot, Chou was forced to live in Japan (1916-17) to avoid arrest. He later served as minister of finance (1920) and as acting premier (1922). Although his native place was Shanhsien, Shantung, Chou […]
Chang Tsung-ch'ang T. Hsiao-k'un 7Jt «*fr Chang Tsung-ch'ang (1881-3 September 1932), military commander, served under Chang Tso-lin (q.v.) from 1922 to 1925. From 1925 to 1928 he was military governor of Shantung province. Born at Chuchiatsun, Yihsien, in Shantung province, Chang Tsung-ch'ang came from undistinguished stock. Both of his parents practiced trades which were socially […]
Chan Ta-pei 詹大悲 T. Chih-ts'un 質存 Chan Ta-pei (1888-1927) was a prominent anti-Manchu revolutionary in Hupeh, a constant supporter of Sun Yat-sen, an equally constant foe of Yuan Shih-k'ai, and a Kuomintang official. In 1927 he was associated with the left wing of the Kuomintang at Wuhan. He was executed as a Communist partisan. A […]
Yeh Kung-cho (1881-), government official who specialized in railway administration. He was a protege of Liang Shih-i (q.v.) and a prominent member of the so-called communications clique. In 1921 he founded Chiao-t'ung University, which became one of China's leading engineering schools. A native of Panyü, Kwangtung, Yeh Kungcho was born into a well-to-do family with […]
Yang Yung-t'ai (1880-25 October 1936), revolutionary propagandist, leader of the socalled Political Science Group, and one of the most influential bureaucrats in Chiang Kaishek's entourage in the early 1930's. From 1932 to 1936 he was secretary of Chiang's Nanchang headquarters. Soon after becoming governor of Hupeh in 1936, he was assassinated. Maoming, Kwangtung, was the […]
Hsü Shu-cheng (4 November 1880-30 December 1925), held many important offices in Peking as the most powerful deputy of Tuan Ch'i-jui (q.v.) in the period from 1912 to 1920 and co-founder of the Anfu Club. His actions in extending Chinese authority in Outer Mongolia after 1918 turned the Mongols against China and were a chief […]
Hsü Shih-ch'ang 徐世昌 T. Chü-jen 菊人 H. Tung-hai 東海 Hsü Shih-ch'ang (23 October 1855-6 June 1939), protege of Yuan Shih-k'ai who in 1918 became the only man of civilian background to hold the presidency at Peking. After his retirement in June 1922, he devoted himself to literary and cultural pursuits. Little is known of Hsü […]
