Xiong Shihui

Hsiung Shih-hui (1894-) served Chiang Kaishek as an officer on the Northern Expedition, governor of Kiangsi (1931-41), head of a military mission to the United States (194243), and head of the Northeast headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission (1945-47). He then lived in Hong Kong, Macao, and Bangkok before moving to Taiwan in 1954. Born […]

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Wu Xianzi

Wu Hsien-tzu (1881-7 October 1959), Confucian scholar who studied under K'ang Yu-wei and Chien Ch'ao-liang. He was long associated with Li Ta-ming in publishing the Chinese World in San Francisco, and he became head of the Constitutionalist party and chief bearer of the political heritage of K'ang Yu-wei. A native of Shun-te (Shuntak), the richest […]

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Wu Tingfang

Wu T'ing-fang (9 July 1842-23 June 1922), English-educated lawyer who gained international prominence as the Ch'ing government's diplomatic representative in the United States in 1897-1901 and in 1907-9. He also served as co-chairman of the fa-lü pien-tsuan-kuan [bureau for the compilation of the law]. Wu was chief delegate for the revolutionaries in the peace negotiations […]

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Wang Shizhen

Wang Shih-chen (1861-1 July 1930), one of Yuan Shih-k'ai's three chief assistants (with Tuan Ch'i-jui and Feng Kuo-chang) in organizing and training the Peiyang Army. In 1917 he served as premier and minister of war at Peking, and in 1922 he became president of the college of marshals. Chengting, Chihli (Hopei), was the birthplace of […]

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Sun Baoqi

Sun Pao-ch'i (26 April 1867-3 February 1931), diplomat who represented the Ch'ing government in France and Germany and who served the Peking government as minister of foreign affairs and premier. The eldest son of Sun Yi-ching, an assistant imperial tutor, Sun Pao-ch'i was born in Hangchow. He received a traditional education in the Chinese classics. […]

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Qi Xieyuan

Ch'i Hsieh-yuan (1897-1946) served under Li Ch'un (q.v.) and succeeded him as military governor of Kiangsu in 1922. A member of the Chihli faction, he was inspector general of Kiangsu, Anhwei, and Kiangsi (1922-24). In 1937 he became a prominent official in the Japanese-sponsored regime at Peiping. He was arrested in 1945 and was tried, […]

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Ma Chaojun

Ma Ch'ao-chün (1885-), repubUcan 'revolutionary and follower of Sun Yat-sen who was a pioneer in the labor movement in China. He later held important administrative posts in both the Kuomintang and the National Government, and he served three terms as mayor of Nanking. After 1949, he lived in Taiwan. The younger of two sons, Ma […]

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Lu Zhengxiang

Lu Cheng-hsiang (1871-15 January 1949), diplomat and cleric, entered the Chinese foreign service in 1 892 as an interpreter assigned to the legation at St. Petersburg. He became minister to the Netherlands in 1908 and minister to Russia in 1911. After the republic was established, he served the Peking government at various times as minister […]

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Lin Changmin

Lin Ch'ang-min (16 July 1876-December 1925), scholar and government official who devoted his life to the development of constitutionalism and parliamentary government in China. He met an untimely end after joining Kuo Sungling at the time of Kuo's 1925 revolt against Chang Tso-lin. Although he was born in Hangchow, Lin Ch'ang-min was a native of […]

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Liang Shiyi

Liang Shih-i (5 May 1869-9 April 1933), government official and financier whose activities in the development* of banking, railroads, and loan programs during the Peiyang period made him the recognized head of the so-called communications clique. His removal from the Peking government premiership in January 1922 was the immediate cause of the Chihli- Fengtien war. […]

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