Tsou Lu (2 February 1884-13 February 1954), conservative Kuomintang leader who became chancellor of National Chung-shan University (1932-39) and leading authority on the 1911 revolution and the early history of the Kuomintang. A native of Tap'u, Kwangtung, Tsou Lu was born into a poor Hakka family. His father reportedly was a tailor and a peddler. […]
Chang Chia-sen 張嘉森 T. Chün-mai West. Carsun Chang Chang Chia-sen (1886-), known as Carsun Chang, a leading supporter of Liang Ch'ich'ao's ideas and movements, worked for the establishment of constitutional government in the early 1900's. Prominent in the attempt to focus attention in China on cultural and educational activities, he studied philosophy in Germany and […]
Chang Ch'i-huang 張其鍠 T. Tzu-wu 子武 H. Wu-ching chü-shih 無（無）竟居士 Chang Ch'i-huang (7 May 1877-30 June 1927), began his career as an official in Hunan and became an adviser and secretary general to Wu P'ei-fu during the 1920's. For five generations before his birth, Chang Ch'i-huang's family had produced scholarofficials in imperial China. He was […]
Chang Chih-chiang T. Tzu-min H. Tzu-chiang West. Paul C. C. Chiang Chang Chih-chiang (1882- ? ) was a military officer associated with Feng Yü-hsiang (q.v.) for many years prior to 1927. A native of Chihli (Hopei) province, Chang Chih-chiang was born into a landlord family in the Yenshan district. Since his father was the village […]
Cheng Hsiao-hsü (2 April 1860-28 March 1938), Manchu loyalist and assistant to P'u-yi (q.v.), was a prime mover in the creation of Manchoukuo. He served as premier at Hsinking (Changchun) from 1932 to 1935. Although his ancestral home was Minhou, Fukien, Cheng Hsiao-hsü was born in Soochow. His father, Cheng Shou-lien (T. Chung-lien), was a […]
Chao Erh-sun (7 July 1844-3 September 1927) served the Ch'ing government in such capacities as governor general of Szechwan and of the Three Eastern Provinces. After 1912 he was editor of the bureau of Ch'ing history, responsible for the compilation of the Ch'ing-shih kao [provisional history of the Ch'ing]. A native of T'iehling, Fengtien, Chao […]
Chang En-p'u (3 October 1894-), the 63rd T'ien-shih (Celestial Master) of the Taoist church. The 63rd hereditary T'ien-shih (Celestial Master) was born in the family residence near Lung-hu-shan [dragon and tiger mountain] in Kiangsi. The previous masters of the Chang family, often vulgarly referred to by foreigners as the popes of Taoism, formed a line […]
Chan Ta-pei 詹大悲 T. Chih-ts'un 質存 Chan Ta-pei (1888-1927) was a prominent anti-Manchu revolutionary in Hupeh, a constant supporter of Sun Yat-sen, an equally constant foe of Yuan Shih-k'ai, and a Kuomintang official. In 1927 he was associated with the left wing of the Kuomintang at Wuhan. He was executed as a Communist partisan. A […]
Yeh Kung-cho (1881-), government official who specialized in railway administration. He was a protege of Liang Shih-i (q.v.) and a prominent member of the so-called communications clique. In 1921 he founded Chiao-t'ung University, which became one of China's leading engineering schools. A native of Panyü, Kwangtung, Yeh Kungcho was born into a well-to-do family with […]
Yen Hsi-shan 閻錫山 T. Pai-ch'uan 百川 Yen Hsi-shan (1883- 24 May 1960), Shansi warlord and one of the outstanding political strategists of the republican period. In 1930 he joined with Feng Yü-hsiang (q.v.) in an unsuccessful northern coalition against Chiang Kai-shek. During the Sino-Japanese war, he served as commander in chief of the Second War […]
