Mo Te-hui (1881-17 April 1968), Manchurian official who served as China's chief representative in the 1930-31 Sino-Soviet negotiations concerning the Chinese Eastern Railway. From 1954 to 1966 he served as president of the Examination Yuan in Taiwan. Born in Sinkiang, Mo Te-hui was the son of a general in the imperial forces who came from […]

Niu Yung-chien (1870-24 December 1965), republican revolutionary and military associate of Sun Yat-sen who later served as governor of Kiangsu (1927-29) and vice president of the Examination Yuan (1933-40, 1949). He became acting president of the yuan in 1949 and continued to hold that post in Taiwan until his retirement in 1952. Little is known […]

P'u-yi (1906-17 October 1967), the last Manchu emperor. Born in Peking, P'u-yi was the son of Tsaifeng, the second Prince Ch'un and the nephew of the Kuang-hsü emperor. As the emperor neared death in 1908, some members of the Manchu hierarchy pressed the claims of P'u-lun and P'u-wei, older great-grandsons of the Taokuang Emperor in […]

Ma Ch'ao-chün (1885-), repubUcan 'revolutionary and follower of Sun Yat-sen who was a pioneer in the labor movement in China. He later held important administrative posts in both the Kuomintang and the National Government, and he served three terms as mayor of Nanking. After 1949, he lived in Taiwan. The younger of two sons, Ma […]

Ma Liang (7 April 1840-4 November 1939), Jesuit priest, government official, and educator. He was a founder of the Aurora Academy, the Fu-tan Academy, and the Fu-jen School. Aurora and Fu-jen later became universities. Born at Tanyang, Kiangsu, into a family which had embraced Roman Catholicism in the early 1600's, Ma Liang was the second […]

Ma Hsü-lun ( 27 April 1884-), educator, revolutionary, and government official, was a professor of Chinese philosophy at Peking University in 1916-36. He became sympathetic to the Communist cause during the Sino- Japanese war, and he was named minister of education when the Central People's Government was established in 1949. From 1952 to 1954 he […]

Meng Sen (1868-14 January 1938), supporter of constitutional government and a leader of the Chin-pu-tang. He became an authority on the Ming-Ch'ing transitional period and a professor of history at Peking University. A native of Yanghu hsien, Kiangsu, Meng Sen was born into a prominent family in a region where scholars abounded. After becoming a […]

Lung Chi-kuang (1860-1921), a Yunnanese military man who became military commander o Kwangsi in 1 908 and of Kwangtung in 1911. A supporter of Yuan Shih-k'ai, he held control of Kwangtung from mid-1914 until mid- 191 6, when he was transferred to Hainan Island as commissioner of mining development. In December 1917, on orders from […]

Lu Jung-t'ing (1856-1927), Kwangsi warlord. He began his career as a bandit and later became army commander and deputy military governor of Kwangsi, a supporter and then an opponent of Yuan Shih-k'ai, inspector general of Kwangtung and Kwangsi, and a high official of the republican government at Canton. His public career ended in the early […]

Lu Cheng-hsiang (1871-15 January 1949), diplomat and cleric, entered the Chinese foreign service in 1 892 as an interpreter assigned to the legation at St. Petersburg. He became minister to the Netherlands in 1908 and minister to Russia in 1911. After the republic was established, he served the Peking government at various times as minister […]