Su Man-shu (28 September 1884-2 May 1918), poet, translator, journalist, and anti-Manchu revolutionary whose fragments of autobiographical fiction created a legend which captivated a whole generation of Chinese readers. The son of Su Chieh-sheng, a Cantonese agent of the Wan-lung Tea Company, Su Man-shu was born in Yokohama. His mother was a Japanese called O-sen, […]

Sun Pao-ch'i (26 April 1867-3 February 1931), diplomat who represented the Ch'ing government in France and Germany and who served the Peking government as minister of foreign affairs and premier. The eldest son of Sun Yi-ching, an assistant imperial tutor, Sun Pao-ch'i was born in Hangchow. He received a traditional education in the Chinese classics. […]

Sun Ch'uan-fang (1884-13 November 1935), Peiyang warlord who won control of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Kiangsi, Anhwei, and Fukien in the mid-1920's. It was only with the collapse of his power in 1927 that the success of the Northern Expedition became a certainty. Sun was assassinated in 1935. A native of Linch'eng hsien, Shantung, Sun Ch'uan-fang grew […]

Sun Fo (20 October 1891-), son of Sun Yat-sen. After holding the presidency of the Legislative Yuan from June 1932 to November 1948, he served as president of the Executive Yuan for four months. He then retired from public life and lived abroad in France and the United States before going to Taiwan. A native […]

T'an P'ing-shan (1887-2 April 1956), one of the most influential Communists in the Kuomintang hierarchy during the 1924-26 period of alliance. Upon his expulsion from both parties in 1927, he became a leader of the so-called Third party at Shanghai. He was readmitted to the Kuomintang in 1937, but he later helped organize the dissident […]

Shen Chün-ju (1874-11 June 1963), legal scholar and official in the Ch'ing, National, and Central People's governments. A prominent member of the China Democratic League, he became its chairman in 1956. Chiahsing, Chekiang, was the birthplace of Shen Chün-ju. Little is known about his family background or early years. After passing the chü-jen examinations in […]

Shih Ying (1879-4 December 1943), engineer, administrator devoted to the modernization of China, and member of the Western Hills faction of the Kuomintang. As mayor of Nanking in 1932-35 he instituted impartial law enforcement and enacted sumptuary measures. Yanghsin, Hupeh, was the birthplace of Shih Ying. His great-grandfather and grandfather had been scholars, but a […]

Ch'ien Ta-chün (26 July 1893-), military officer, organized and trained many units of the National Revolutionary Army. He was an official of the Whampoa Military Academy and dean of the Wuhan branch of the Central Military Academy. He was an aide to Chiang Kai-shek and later chief of his bodyguard. In 1942-43 he served as […]

Ch'ü Ch'iu-pai (29 January 1899-18June 1935), Communist writer, became vice chairman of the propaganda department of the Chinese Communist party and wrote many pamphlets and articles. He unseated Ch'en Tu-hsiu to become general secretary of the party in 1927, but was criticized and removed from office in 1928. He became prominent in the League of […]

Jen Hung-chün (20 December 1886-9 November 1961), known as H. C. Zen, educational administrator and a pioneer in the effort to promote modern scientific learning in China. He held such positions as president of the Science Society of China (1914-23, 1934-36, 1947-50), executive director of the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture […]