Chang Li-sheng (24 May 1900-), Kuomintang leader and government official, was director of the party's organization department in 1936-37 and minister of the interior from 1944 until May 1948; in Taiwan, he served as vice president of the Executive Yuan and then as ambassador to Japan. Lot'ing hsien in Chihli (later Hopei) province was the […]

Chang Hsueh-liang 張學良 T. Han-ch'ing 漢卿 Chang Hsueh-liang (1898-), known as the Young Marshal, was the son of Chang Tso-lin (q.v.), from whom he inherited control of Manchuria in 1928. In 1936, Chang Hsueh-liang detained Chiang Kai-shek at Sian in an attempt to persuade the National Government to form a united front with the Chinese […]

Chou Chih-jou ( 1899—), military officer important in the development of the Chinese Air Force. He was commandant of the Central Aviation Academy in 1934, chairman of the Aeronautical Affairs Commission in 1936, and chief of staff of the Chinese Air Force 1943-52. After serving as chief of general staff 1950-57, he became governor of […]

Yen Hsi-shan 閻錫山 T. Pai-ch'uan 百川 Yen Hsi-shan (1883- 24 May 1960), Shansi warlord and one of the outstanding political strategists of the republican period. In 1930 he joined with Feng Yü-hsiang (q.v.) in an unsuccessful northern coalition against Chiang Kai-shek. During the Sino-Japanese war, he served as commander in chief of the Second War […]

Wu Kuo-chen (21 October 1903-), known as K. C. Wu, government official who served as mayor of Hankow (1932-38), mayor of Chungking (1939^4-1), political vice minister of foreign affairs (1943-45), mayor of Shanghai (1946-48), and governor ofTaiwan (1950-52) . He resigned in 1953 and went to the United States, charging that Taiwan was becoming a […]

Li Tsung-jen 李宗仁 T. Te-lin 德鄰 Li Tsung-jen (1890-), leader of the so-called Kwangsi clique, which also included Pai Ch'ung-hsi and Huang Shao-hung. He was elected to the vice presidency of the National Government in 1948, and he became acting President in 1949. He retired to the United States in December 1949, but went to […]

Chiang Meng-lin (1886-18 June 1964), known as Chiang Monlin, educator. He served as dean (1919) and acting chancellor (1923-27) of Peking University and as minister of education in the National Government (1928-30). He then returned to Peking as chancellor of the university (1931-45). From 1948 to 1964 he was chairman of the Joint Commission on […]

Ho Ch'eng-chün (20 June 1882-7 May 1961), was a military officer and protege of Huang Hsing who became a leading intermediary in negotiations with independent generals and among competing factions in the Kuomintang. He held such posts as governor of Hupeh (1929-32; 1937-38), director of the Generalissimo's Wuhan headquarters, and director general of the courts-martial […]

Ho Ying-ch'in 何應欽 T. Ching-chih 敬之 Ho Ying-ch'in (1890-), one of Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted military officers. As minister of war (1930-44), he negotiated the 1935 Ho- Umezu agreement, by which China capitulated to Japanese demands in north China. He was chief of staff in 1938-44, commander in chief of the Chinese army in 1944-46, […]

Ho Chung-han (5 January 1900-), directed poUtical training in the Nationalist armies (1931-38) and headed the labor bureau of the ministry of social affairs (1942-47). In Taiwan, he served as minister of communications (195054) and chairman of the Kuomintang's Central Planning Committee (1962-). Yochow (Yoyang), Hunan, was the birthplace of Ho Chung-han. After receiving his […]