Liu Shih-p'ei m ^ip m T. Shen-shu f^ u H. Tso-an '& M. Liu Shih-p'ei (2 May 1884-20 December 1919), classical scholar and enthusiastic republican revolutionary who, however, spent the last two years of the imperial period in the service of the Manchu authorities. After the 1911 revolution Liu devoted himself to the preservation of […]

Lin Shu (8 November 1852-9 October 1924), the first major Chinese translator of Western fiction and one of the last important prose writers in the Chinese classical style. He also was known for his outspoken opposition to the new literary movements of the May Fourth period. Minhsien, Fukien, was the birthplace of Lin Shu. He […]

Chiang Meng-lin (1886-18 June 1964), known as Chiang Monlin, educator. He served as dean (1919) and acting chancellor (1923-27) of Peking University and as minister of education in the National Government (1928-30). He then returned to Peking as chancellor of the university (1931-45). From 1948 to 1964 he was chairman of the Joint Commission on […]

Huang Hsing 黃興 Orig. Huang Chen 黃軫 T. K'o-ch'iang 克強 H. Chin-wu 廑午 Huang Hsing (28 October 1874-31 October 1916), revolutionary who founded the Hua-hsing-hui [society for the revival of China], which merged with other groups in 1905 to form the T'ung-meng-hui. Huang directed such uprisings as the Canton revolt of 27 April 1911. He […]

Huang K'an T. Chi-kang m Huang K'an (1886-8 October 1935), philologist and poet, noted for his studies of the Wen-hsin tiao-lung of Liu Hsieh and the Jih-chih-lu of Ku Yen-wu. Ch'ich'un, Hupeh, was the birthplace of Huang K'an. He was the youngest son of Huang Yun-ku, the salt and tea intendant, and later the acting […]

Ku Chieh-kang (1895-), a professor and historian known for his critically analytic investigations of Chinese antiquity. His best known work, the Ku-shih pien [discussions on Chinese ancient history], was published in seven volumes between 1926 and 1941. Born into a scholarly Soochow family, Ku Chieh-kang was exposed to the study of classical texts at a […]

Feng Tzu-yu (1881-6 April 1958), an early associate of Sun Yat-sen who was prominent in the Hsing-Chung-hui and the T'ung-meng-hui. After the 1924 Kuomintang reorganization, his active political career ended. He later wrote a number of historical works about the revolutionary movement. A native of Nanhai (Namhoi), Kwangtung, Feng Tzu-yu was born in Japan, where […]

Ch'en Chiung-ming 陳炯明 Ch'en Chiung-ming (13 January 1878 - 22 September 1933) was an anti-Manchu revolutionary who became an early republican governor of Kwangtung. After Yuan Shih-k'ai deposed him in 1913, he participated in the anti-Yuan campaigns and then headed the forces of Sun Yatsen's constitution protection movement. In October 1920 he occupied Canton, and […]

Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei 蔡元培 T. Ho-ch'ing 鶴卿 H. Chieh-min 孑民 Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei (January 1868-5 March 1940), the last of the Hanlin scholars to have major influence in twentieth-century China, was the leading liberal educator of early republican China and an important synthesizer of Chinese and Western intellectual patterns. After the overthrow of the Ch'ing dynasty, he […]

Wang Ching-wei 汪精衛 Orig. Wang Chao-ming 汪兆銘 Wang Ching-wei (4 May 1883-10 November 1944), Kuomintang leader and intimate political associate of Sun Yat-sen. At the time of the Sino-Japanese war, after more than a decade of feuding with Chiang Kai-shek for top authority in the Kuomintang, Wang became head of a Japanese-sponsored regime established at […]