Panchen Lama (1883-1 December 1937), earthly manifestation of the buddha Amitabha. When the thirteenth Dalai Lama (q.v.) was in exile (1904-9, 1910-12), the ninth Panchen was de facto ruler of Tibet. The Panchen was forced into exile by the Dalai in November 1923. The eighth Panchen Rimpoche [precious sage], the earthly manifestation of the buddha […]

Hsu Yung-ch'ang (23 November 1893-12 July 1959), military man who served under Feng Yü-hsiang and Yen Hsi-shan. He was governor of Suiyuan (1928-29), and Shansi (1931-35). In August 1945 he represented China at the formal Japanese surrender aboard the U.S.S. Missouri. As dean of the National Military Academy (1946-51), he supervised its transfer to Taiwan. […]

Unenbayin (8 February 1896-), also known as Wu Ho-ling, leading intellectual in the Inner Mongolian autonomy movement. After serving as head of the Mongolian section of the Mongolian-Tibetan Affairs Commission from 1930 to 1936, he returned to his native region. In 1942-45 he headed the political affairs department of the Mongolian Federated Autonomous Government. A […]

T'ang En-po (20 September 1899-29 June 1954), staff officer in the National Revolutionary Army who served during the Sino-Japanese war in such capacities as commander of the Thirty-first Army Group and deputy commander of the First War Area. In 1945 he supervised the Nationalist takeover of Shanghai and the repatriation of Japanese troops and civilians. […]

Ulanfu (1903-), Tumet Mongol who joined the Chinese Communist party in 1927 and rose to become its principal representative in Inner Mongolia. In the 1950's and early 1960's he dominated party, government, and military structures in that region. Ulanfu became a target ofcriticism during the so-called Cultural Revolution and was removed from his posts in […]

Fu Tso-yi (1895-), a military officer who, as top commander in north China after 1947, negotiated the surrender agreement under which the Chinese Communist forces entered Peiping in 1949. He began his career under Yen Hsi-shan (q.v.) and served as governor of Suiyuan from 1931-47. In 1949 he became minister of water conservancy in the […]

Demchukdonggrub (1902-), MongoUan prince of the West Sunid Banner, was known in China as Te Wang. He led the movement to secure autonomy for Inner MongoHa. The son of a jassak [prince] of the West Sunid Banner of Mongoha, Te Wang was born in the territory of the Sihngol League in Inner MongoUa. He was […]

Chen, Eugene 陳誠 Ch'en Ch'eng Ch'en Ch'eng (4 January 1897 - 5 March 1965), a senior Nationalist general and second in command to Chiang Kai-shek in both the Kuomintang and the National Government. He was governor of Taiwan in 1949 when the Nationalists evacuated from the mainland. In 1954, Ch'en was elected vice president of […]

Buyantai Chinese. Pai Yun-t'i 白雲梯 Chinese T. Chü-ch'uan 巨川 Buyantai (17 February 1894-), Mongol leader, an official of the Kuomintang, known in Chinese as Pai Yun-t'i. He gained note for his attempts to promote the Kuomintang nationalities program in Inner Mongolia. A Mongol of the Center Kharchin Banner of the Josuto League, Buyantai was born […]