Li Fei-kan (1904-), anarchist writer known as Pa Chin, whose novels and short stories achieved popularity in the 1930's and 1940's. Born in Chengtu, Szechwan, Li Fei-kan came from a wealthy and educated gentry family. His early childhood was spent in Chengtu except for three years in Kuangyuan, where his father was magistrate from 1906 […]

Chu Ch'i-hua (28 December 1907-1945), a professional Communist agitator from 1921 to 1929, left the Chinese Communist party and began to write in the field of modern Chinese social history. He served (1938-41) under Hu Tsung-nan at the Sian training center for political workers. In 1941 he was arrested and imprisoned as a Communist spy; […]

Chang Fa-k'uei 張發奎 T. Hsiang-hua 向華 Chang Fa-k'uei (1896-), a leading Cantonese military officer, commanded the 12th (Ironside) Division, later and better known as the Fourth Army. Although a sometime supporter of Wang Ching-wei who participated in several anti- Chiang Kai-shek movements, he was given important commands during the Sino-Japanese war. A native of Shihhsing […]

Tsou T'ao-fen (5 November 1895-24 July 1944), journalist known for his editorship (1926-33) of the Sheng-huo chou-kan [life weekly] and for his leadership in the national salvation movement. After working at Chungking in support of the Chinese war effort, he went to Hong Kong in 1941 because of difficulties with Kuomintang press censorship. He spent […]

Chu Hsiang (1904-5 December 1933), poet, was noted for his use of a variety of traditional and Western forms in writing Chinese vernacular poetry. Born into a family of twelve children in T'aihu, Anhwei, Chu Hsiang was the youngest of five boys. His father, Chu Yen-hsi, was a salt tao-t'ai. Both his father and his […]

Cheng Chen-to (1898-17 October 1958), literary historian, bibliophile, and editor, made major studies of the history of Chinese vernacular literature, was prominent in the Literary Research Society, and edited the Hsiao-shuoyueh-pao (Short Story Magazine). In 1937 he became dean of the college of arts and letters at Chinan University. From 1954 to 1958 he served […]

Chang Tzu-p'ing (1893-?), author and geologist, was a founder of the Creation Society and a writer of popular romantic fiction. During the Sino-Japanese war, he served in the Japanese-sponsored government ofWangChingwei. Meihsien, Kwangtung, was the birthplace of Chang Tzu-p'ing. His father was a sheng-yuan in straitened circumstances who gave his son his early instruction in […]

Tseng Ch'i (5 August 1892-7 May 1951), leader of the Young China party. Although Tseng Ch'i was born in Lungch'ang, Szechwan, he spent his childhood in Kwangsi, where his father, Tseng Yu-san, served as a minor government official. He was orphaned while still a boy, whereupon he and his elder brother, Tseng Chao-yü, returned to […]

Yün Tai-ying (1895-April 1931), Marxist intellectual and leader of the Young China Association, the Socialist Youth League, and the Hupeh branch of the Chinese Communist party. A noted propagandist, he edited the Hsin Shu Pao [new Szechwan daily], the Chung-kuo ch'ing-nien [China youth], and the Hung-ch'i-pao [red flag]. Yün was executed at Nanking in 1931. […]

Yü Ta-fu (1896-September 1945), a founding member of the Creation Society and one of the most important Chinese writers of the 1920's. The youngest of three boys born into a poor but scholarly family in Fuyang, Ghekiang, Yü Ta-fu received his early education in a variety of schools, including the Hangchow First Middle School. He […]