Zhou Fohai

Chou Fo-hai 周佛海 Chou Fo-hai (1897-February 1948), helped to establish the Chinese Communist party, but resigned from it in 1924. He became the most widely read theoretical writer of the Kuomintang and served Chiang Kai-shek for many years, eventually becoming acting director of the Kuomintang department of propaganda. He also edited the New Life Monthly […]

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Zhang Zongchang

Chang Tsung-ch'ang T. Hsiao-k'un 7Jt «*fr Chang Tsung-ch'ang (1881-3 September 1932), military commander, served under Chang Tso-lin (q.v.) from 1922 to 1925. From 1925 to 1928 he was military governor of Shantung province. Born at Chuchiatsun, Yihsien, in Shantung province, Chang Tsung-ch'ang came from undistinguished stock. Both of his parents practiced trades which were socially […]

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Zhang Tailei

Chang T'ai-lei ( 1 898-December 1927), Communist martyr, was known principally for organizing the Canton Commune of December 1927; he was killed in the fighting. A native of Wuchin, Kiangsu, Chang T'ai-lei attended the Ch'angchou Middle School, where he was a classmate of Ch'ü Ch'iu-pai (q.v.), but, like Ch'ü, he left school before graduation. In […]

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Zhang Ji

Chang Chi 張繼 T. P'u-ch'uan 溥泉 Chang Chi (31 August 1882-1 5 December 1947), political figure, an anti-Manchu revolutionary and editor of the Min-pao who became an elder statesman of the Kuomintang and one of the few northern Chinese to achieve prominence in that party. He was a leading member of the right-wing Western Hills […]

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Xu Qian

Hsü Ch'ien (26 June 1871-26 September 1940), scholar and legal expert who helped reform the judicial system (1907) and who became one of the most prominent leaders in the Wuhan regime (1926-27). Although his native place was Shehsien, Anhwei, Hsü Ch'ien was born in Nanchang, Kiangsi. He had one brother, Hsü Sun (T. Feng-jen). His […]

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Wang Ming

Ch'en Shao-yü Ch'en Shao-yü (1907-), leader of the proteges of Pavel Mif known as the 28 Bolsheviks, was general secretary of the Chinese Communist party (1931-32), Chinese representative to the Comintern (1932-37), and a member of the Comintern's Executive Committee. In 1937 he returned to China. His disagreements with Mao Tse-tung caused Mao to launch […]

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Tan Pingshan

T'an P'ing-shan (1887-2 April 1956), one of the most influential Communists in the Kuomintang hierarchy during the 1924-26 period of alliance. Upon his expulsion from both parties in 1927, he became a leader of the so-called Third party at Shanghai. He was readmitted to the Kuomintang in 1937, but he later helped organize the dissident […]

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Sun Ke

Sun Fo (20 October 1891-), son of Sun Yat-sen. After holding the presidency of the Legislative Yuan from June 1932 to November 1948, he served as president of the Executive Yuan for four months. He then retired from public life and lived abroad in France and the United States before going to Taiwan. A native […]

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Song Ziwen

Soong, T. V. Orig. Sung Tzu-wen 宋子文 T. V. Soong (4 December 1894-), Harvard-trained financier who was the prime mover in the establishment of a modern financial system in China. He served the National Government in such capacities as minister of finance, vice president and president of the Executive Yuan, governor of the Central Bank […]

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Peng Shuzhi

P'eng Shu-chih (1896-), close associate of Ch'en Tu-hsiu who left the Chinese Communist party with Ch'en and became a leader of the Trotskyist movement in China. Born in Hunan, P'eng Shu-chih came from a peasant family which was relatively well-to-do by Chinese rural standards. After receiving his early education in Hunan, he went to Shanghai […]

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