Nieh Jung-chen (1899-), marshal of the People's Republic of China. After serving as commander of the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei military district during the Sino-Japanese war, he became acting chief of staff (1950) and vice chairman (1954) of the People's Revolutionary Military Council. He was made chairman of the Scientific Planning Commission in 1957 and director of the […]
Ma Chung-ying (1911- ? ), Chinese Muslim military leader, took part in the 1931 rebellion of Muslims in Sinkiang against Chinese rule. In 1933 his cavalry forces again attempted to remove Chinese authority from the area, but were pushed into southern Sinkiang by White Russian forces. Ma entered the Soviet Union in July 1934 and […]
Ma Hung-k'uei (1893-), son of Ma Fu-hsiang who served as governor of Ninghsia from 1933 to 1948. The son of Ma Fu-hsiang (q.v.). Ma Hungk'uei was a native of Hanchiachi in Taoho hsien, Kansu. He received a military education, completing his studies at the Kansu Military Academy at Lanchow in 1910. Beginning in 1913 he […]
Lu Chung-lin (1884-), military officer and long-time subordinate of Feng Yü-hsiang who became minister of w^ar at Nanking in 1929. When the northern coalition collapsed and the command structure of the Kuominchün disintegrated in 1930, he broke with Feng. He later served the National Government as minister of conscription and the Central People's Government as […]
Liu Chih (1892-), prominent Nationalist military commander. He served as governor of Honan from 1930 to 1935, reorganized troops .in Kiangsu, Anhwei, and Honan after the Sian Incident, commanded the Chungking garrison district from 1939 to 1945, and served as field commander for the Hwai-Hai battle in late 1948. In 1952 he joined the National […]
Li Tsung-jen 李宗仁 T. Te-lin 德鄰 Li Tsung-jen (1890-), leader of the so-called Kwangsi clique, which also included Pai Ch'ung-hsi and Huang Shao-hung. He was elected to the vice presidency of the National Government in 1948, and he became acting President in 1949. He retired to the United States in December 1949, but went to […]
Li Lieh-chün 李烈鈞 Orig. Li Lieh-hsun 李烈訓 T. Hsieh-ho 協和 H. Hsia-huang 俠黃 Li Lieh-chün (1882-1946), T'ung-meng-hui military man who commanded troops at Kiukiang, Anking, and Wuchang during the 1911 revolution. As military governor of Kiangsi, he led the Kuomintang's so-called second revolution of 1913. He joined with Ts'ai O and T'ang Chi-yao in leading […]
Li Ken-yuan (6 June 1879-6 July 1965), Yunnanese T'ung-meng-hui and Kuomintang leader who participated in the so-called second revolution in 1913 and who commanded the Yunnan Army in Kwangtung from February 1918 to October 1920. After serving as minister of agriculture in the Peking government from November 1921 to June 1923, he retired from political […]
Li Te-ch'uan (1 July 1896-), the wife of Feng Yü-hsiang (q.v.), became prominent in Chinese women's organizations during the Sino-Japanese war. From October 1949 to December 1964 she served the Central People's Government as minister of health. Fuhsingchuang, Chihli (Hopei), a community of Chinese Christian survivors of the Boxer Rebellion, was the birthplace of Li […]
K'ung, H. H. Orig. K'ung Hsiang-hsi 孔祥熙 T. Yung-chih 庸之 H. Tzu-yüan 子淵 H. H. K'ung (1881-15 August 1967), banker and businessman who married Soong Ai-ling and who entered the service of the new National Government in 1928 as minister of industry and commerce. As minister of finance (1933-44) he was responsible for the currency […]
