Chang Hsün 張勳 T. Shao-hsuan 少軒 H. Sung-shou 松壽 Chang Hsün (14 December 1854-September 1923), military leader, is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to restore the Manchu dynasty in 1917. The family into which Chang Hsün was born had lived for generations in a small village near the district-city of Fenghsin, west of Nanchang […]
Ts'ao K'un (12 December 1862-17 May 1938), Peiyang general who served as governor of Chihli (Hopei) in 1916 and inspecting commissioner of Chihli, Shantung, and Honan in 1920. With Wu P'ei-fu's support, he headed the Chihli clique in 1920-23. Ts'ao held the presidency at Peking from October 1923 to November 1924. The third son born […]
Chang Tso-lin 張作霖 T. Yü-t'ing 雨亭 Chang Tso-lin (1873-June 1928), known as the Old Marshal, military leader who consolidated control of the Northeast. He began as the leader of a local army in Fengtien and rose to rule Manchuria as a virtually autonomous state from 1919 to his death. After 1924, Chang extended his control […]
