Chu Teh 朱德 T. Yü-chieh 玉階 Chu Teh (18 December 1886-), commander in chief of the Chinese Communist forces for many years, became associated with Mao Tse-tung in 1928, when their forces combined to form the Fourth Red Army and to establish the central Communist base in Kiangsi. During the 1930's and early 1940's Chu […]

Chao Shu-li (1903-), writer and newspaperman, was known for his short stories and novels, which embodied the May 1942 literary directives set forth at Yenan by Mao Tse-tung. He edited the Hsin ta-chung [the new masses], later known as the Kung-jen pao [the workers' paper] Chinshui, Shansi, was the birthplace of Chao Shu-li. His father […]

Chang Chih-chung (1891-), military commander and government official, Nationalist general and dean of the Central Military Academy, became governor of Hunan in 1937, but lost the position after the misjudged burning of Changsha. In 1940 he became secretary general of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps. From 1945-49 he was director of the Generalissimo's […]

Chang En-p'u (3 October 1894-), the 63rd T'ien-shih (Celestial Master) of the Taoist church. The 63rd hereditary T'ien-shih (Celestial Master) was born in the family residence near Lung-hu-shan [dragon and tiger mountain] in Kiangsi. The previous masters of the Chang family, often vulgarly referred to by foreigners as the popes of Taoism, formed a line […]

Yeh Chien-ying (1898- ), Chinese Communist general who served as chief of staff of the Communist military forces during and after the Sino-Japanese war. During the American mediation effort in 1946, he was chief Communist delegate at the Executive Headquarters in Peiping. From late 1949 until mid- 1954 he was based at Canton, and he […]

Hsueh Yueh (17 December 1896-), Nationalist military commander who was known for his pursuit of the Communist Long March forces in 1935 and for his brilliant defense of Changsha (1939; and Ch'angte (1943; against the Japanese. He served as governor of Hunan (1939-45) and Kwangtung (1949). Lochang hsien, Kwangtung, was the birthplace of Hsueh Yueh. […]

Wu Hsiu-ch'üan (4 March 1908-), Russiantrained Chinese Communist who held important staff positions in Kiangsi in the 1930's and in the Northeast in the 1940's. In 1949-51 he served as director of Soviet and Eastern European affairs in the ministry of foreign affairs at Peking. He then became deputy foreign minister. In 1955-58 he was […]

Wang Chen (1909-), Chinese Communist guerrilla leader and political commissar who was one of the leading figures in the politicalmilitary administration of the Sinkiang region in 1949-53. In 1954 he became a member of the National Defense Council at Peking, and in 1956 he was appointed minister of state farms and land reclamation. Beginning in […]

Jen Pi-shih (1904-27 October 1950), Chinese Communist political worker and close associate of Mao Tse-tung, rose to the top rank of the Chinese Communist party hierarchy in the early 1940's as a member of the Political Bureau and the Secretariat and head of the Central Committee's organization department. Hsiangyin, Hunan, was the birthplace of Jen […]

Lo Jui-ch'ing (1907-), political commissar in the Chinese Communist military forces who later held such posts in the Central People's Government as that of minister of public security (1949-58). In the 1950's he was the regime's principal organizer of public security programs and secret police operations. In 1959 he became vice premier of the State […]