Wang Hsien-ch'ien (6 August 1842-8 January 1918), scholar, educator, and government official. He was best known for his monumental compilations, including the Han-shu pu-chu [supplementary notes to the Han-shu] and the Hou-Han-shu pu-chu. The third son in an impoverished gentry family, Wang Hsien-ch'ien was born in Changsha, Hunan. He became a sheng-yüan in 1857 and […]

Liu Hung-sheng (1888-1 October 1956), known as O. S. Lieu, one of the most prominent entrepreneurs of republican China, was particularly noted for his success in the match and wool industries. After 1949, he lived in the People's Republic of China as a "national industrialist." Although his native place was Tinghai, Chekiang, O. S. Lieu […]

Fu Tseng-hsiang (1872-1950), a scholar-official and bibliophile, introduced educational reforms and established schools in Chihli (Hopei) during the last decade of the Ch'ing period. After holding such posts as minister of education (1917-19) he withdrew from public life and became a noted bibliophile. Little is known of Fu Tseng-hsiang's early years except that he was […]