Ren Zhuoxuan

Jen Cho-hsuan (4 April 1896-), Chinese Communist youth leader who severed relations with the Chinese Communist party in 1928 to launch a new career as a publisher and writer of philosophical and polemical works. After 1937 he worked to further understanding of and adherence to Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles. After 1950, he taught at […]

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Lin Yutang

Lin Yü-t'ang (1895-), scholar, writer, and journalist. In the 1930's he was a leader of the movements to use social satire and to adapt Western newspaper prose to Chinese journalism. Beginning with the publication in 1935 of My Country and My People, he established an international reputation as a writer of popular books in English […]

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Liang Shiqiu

Liang Shih-ch'iu (1902-), literary critic, teacher, and translator of Western literature who was a leading figure in the Crescent Moon Society, a group which upheld the individual and aesthetic purposes of literary expression in opposition to the cause of proletarian realism. Although his ancestral home was in Hangchow, where his grandfather had amassed a modest […]

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He Qifang

Ho Ch'i-fang (1910-), poet, journalist, and literary critic, was a prize-winning poet in his youth and an admirer of Western literature. He later became a leading figure in the Chinese Communist cultural hierarchy and a close associate of Chou Yang (q.v.). Little is known about Ho Ch'i-fang's family or early life except that he was […]

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Hu Yepin

Hu Yeh-p'in (1907-7 February 1931), writer and companion of Ting Ling (q.v.). He became an ardent Communist and an official of the League of Left-Wing Writers. After his arrest and execution by the Nationalists, he became known as one of the five martyrs of the League of Left-Wing Writers. Foochow, Fukien, was the birthplace of […]

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Hu Feng

Hu Feng (1903-), Marxist literary critic, essayist, and poet. Because of his independent approach to Marxism and his affirmation that the artist is entitled to an individual vision of truth, he was singled out for attack in the 1955 campaign for ideological purity, which was led by Chou Yang (q.v.;. Although Hu Feng's father was […]

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Guo Moruo

Kuo Mo-jo 郭沫若 Orig. Kuo K'ai-chen 郭開貞 Pen. Ting-t'ang 鼎堂 Shih-t'o 石沱 Tu K'an 杜衎 Mai-k'o Ang 麥克昂 I K'an Jen 易坎人 Kuo Mo-jo (October 1892-), poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, translator, historian, paleographer, Creation Society leader, and Chinese Communist propagandist. After 1949 this versatile intellectual served the People's Republic of China as chairman of the […]

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Gu Jiegang

Ku Chieh-kang (1895-), a professor and historian known for his critically analytic investigations of Chinese antiquity. His best known work, the Ku-shih pien [discussions on Chinese ancient history], was published in seven volumes between 1926 and 1941. Born into a scholarly Soochow family, Ku Chieh-kang was exposed to the study of classical texts at a […]

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Fang Zhimin

Fang Chih-min (1900-6 July 1935), Communist organizer in Kiangsi. He founded the northeast Kiangsi soviet and headed the Red Army's Anti-Japanese Vanguard Unit. He was captured and executed in 1935 by the Nationalists. Born into a peasant family. Fang Chih-min received his early education in the Chinese classics in his native village of lyang, Kiangsi. […]

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Du Zhongyuan

Tu Chung-yuan (1895-1943), liberal journalist associated in Shanghai with Tsou T'ao-fen (q.v.) in dissemination ofanti-Japanese materials before 1937, for which action he was arrested by the National Government. He later went to Sinkiang, where he served under his fellow- Manchurian Sheng Shih-ts'ai (q.v.), who in 1943 had him executed as a "leftist." The Kaiyuan district […]

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