Hsü Shu-cheng (4 November 1880-30 December 1925), held many important offices in Peking as the most powerful deputy of Tuan Ch'i-jui (q.v.) in the period from 1912 to 1920 and co-founder of the Anfu Club. His actions in extending Chinese authority in Outer Mongolia after 1918 turned the Mongols against China and were a chief […]

Fu Tseng-hsiang (1872-1950), a scholar-official and bibliophile, introduced educational reforms and established schools in Chihli (Hopei) during the last decade of the Ch'ing period. After holding such posts as minister of education (1917-19) he withdrew from public life and became a noted bibliophile. Little is known of Fu Tseng-hsiang's early years except that he was […]