Shao P'iao-p'ing (1889-26 April 1926), journalist and editor of the Peking newspaper Ching Pao [Peking report]. He was executed for allegedly treasonous activities in 1926. The Chinhua district of Chekiang was the birthplace of Shao P'iao-p'ing. Little is known about his background or early years except that he entered the Chekiang Higher School at Hangchow […]

Shang Chen (c. 1884-), military subordinate of Yen Hsi-shan who later served as governor of Hopei (1928-29), Shansi (1929-31), and Honan (1936). He headed the Chinese Military Mission to the United States in 1944-45. Little is known about Shang Chen's family background or early life except that he was born in Paoting, Chihli (Hopei) and […]

Ch'in Pang-hsien (1907-8 April 1946), one of the Russian-trained intellectuals known as the 28 Bolsheviks, was the general secretary of the Chinese Communist party (1932-34). From 1936 to 1946 he served as a liaison officer in negotiations with the National Government. He also headed the New China News Agency (1941-45) and edited the official Communist […]

Ch'i Hsieh-yuan (1897-1946) served under Li Ch'un (q.v.) and succeeded him as military governor of Kiangsu in 1922. A member of the Chihli faction, he was inspector general of Kiangsu, Anhwei, and Kiangsi (1922-24). In 1937 he became a prominent official in the Japanese-sponsored regime at Peiping. He was arrested in 1945 and was tried, […]

P'u-yi (1906-17 October 1967), the last Manchu emperor. Born in Peking, P'u-yi was the son of Tsaifeng, the second Prince Ch'un and the nephew of the Kuang-hsü emperor. As the emperor neared death in 1908, some members of the Manchu hierarchy pressed the claims of P'u-lun and P'u-wei, older great-grandsons of the Taokuang Emperor in […]

Niu Yung-chien (1870-24 December 1965), republican revolutionary and military associate of Sun Yat-sen who later served as governor of Kiangsu (1927-29) and vice president of the Examination Yuan (1933-40, 1949). He became acting president of the yuan in 1949 and continued to hold that post in Taiwan until his retirement in 1952. Little is known […]

Ma Chung-ying (1911- ? ), Chinese Muslim military leader, took part in the 1931 rebellion of Muslims in Sinkiang against Chinese rule. In 1933 his cavalry forces again attempted to remove Chinese authority from the area, but were pushed into southern Sinkiang by White Russian forces. Ma entered the Soviet Union in July 1934 and […]

Ma Hung-k'uei (1893-), son of Ma Fu-hsiang who served as governor of Ninghsia from 1933 to 1948. The son of Ma Fu-hsiang (q.v.). Ma Hungk'uei was a native of Hanchiachi in Taoho hsien, Kansu. He received a military education, completing his studies at the Kansu Military Academy at Lanchow in 1910. Beginning in 1913 he […]

Ma Fu-hsiang (1876-19 August 1932), Chinese Muslim leader who ruled the district that later became Ninghsia (1913-20) and the Suiyuan special district (1921-24). He was appointed co-director with Feng Yü-hsiang of northwestern border defense in 1924, but he left Feng's service in 1929. He then served the National Government as governor of Anhwei and chairman […]

Lo Chen-yü (3 August 1866-19 June 1940), an important Chinese classical scholar, archaeologist, and bibliographer, was a Manchu loyalist and a supporter of the Japanesesponsored regime in Manchoukuo. Although his native place was Shangyü, Chekiang, Lo Chen-yü was born in Huaian, Kiangsu. His father, Lo Shu-hsün (1842-1905; T. Yao-chin), opened a pawnshop in 1875 with […]