Ma Yin-ch'u (1882-), Western-trained economist who specialized in applied economics. A long-time critic of the National Government's economic policies, he later held office in the Central People's Government. He served as president of Peking University from 1951 to 1960, when he was dismissed because of the political unorthodoxy of his economic views. A native of […]
Lo I-nung (1901-21 April 1928), leading figure in the Chinese Communist party at Shanghai in the mid-1920's. He was executed by the Nationalists in 1928. Hsiangtan, Hunan, was the birthplace of Lo I-nung. His father was a prosperous merchant and landowner, and Lo received a good education in the Chinese classics from tutors. At the […]
Liu Shao-ch'i 劉少奇 Pseud. Hu Fu 胡服 Liu Shao-ch'i (1900-), the Chinese Communist party's foremost expert on the theory and practice of organization and party structure, became Chairman of the People's Republic of China in April 1959. He was the second-ranking member of the party until 1966, when he became a principal target of the […]
Lin Piao (1907-), Chinese Communist military leader who became a marshal of the People's Republic of China in 1955, minister of defense in 1959, and the second-ranking member of the party in 1966. A native of Huangkang hsien, Hupeh, Lin Piao was the son of a small landholder (listed in Chinese Communist biographies of Lin […]
Li Tsung-jen 李宗仁 T. Te-lin 德鄰 Li Tsung-jen (1890-), leader of the so-called Kwangsi clique, which also included Pai Ch'ung-hsi and Huang Shao-hung. He was elected to the vice presidency of the National Government in 1948, and he became acting President in 1949. He retired to the United States in December 1949, but went to […]
Li Li-san (c.1900-), leading Chinese Communist labor organizer who became de facto head of the party in 1928. After being removed from office in 1930 and censured by the Comintern, he spent 15 years in exile in the Soviet Union. He returned to China in 1946, having been restored to membership in the Central Committee, […]
K'ang Sheng (1899-), Chinese Communist leader in security and intelligence work in Shanghai and at Yenan. Chuch'eng, a small city in eastern Shantung, was the birthplace of K'ang Sheng. His father was a moderately wealthy landholder. Little is known about K'ang's childhood or primary education. About 1920 he went to Shanghai to attend the Shanghai […]
Chi Ch'ao-ting (12 October 1903-9 August 1963), noted as an expert in economics, particularly in currency, banking, and international trade. He was converted to Communism while a student in the United States and took part in radical activities. In 1940 he became secretary general of the Currency Stabilization Board, serving under K. P. Ch'en. He […]
Ho Hsiang-ning (1880-), the wife of Liao Chung-k'ai (q.v.), was the first woman to join the T'ung-meng-hui (1905). A member of the Kuomintang's Central Executive Committee (1926-31), she left the party and helped to found the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee. She served the Central People's Government as chairman of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (1949-59). Although […]
Ho Lung 賀龍 T. Yun-ch'ing 雲卿 Ho Lung (11 March 1896-), Hunanese military leader who, with Yeh T'ing (q.v.) staged the Nanchang uprising of 1 August 1927. He helped build the Chinese Communist military establishment in the 1930's and 1940's. After 1949 he served the Central People's Government in such posts as commander of the […]
