Wan Fu-lin (1880-July 1951), was a Manchurian military commander who served as military governor of Heilungkiang from 1929-31. He commanded the Fifty-third Army from 1932 to 1938, when he was charged with dereliction of duty. In 1941 he became a member of the Military Affairs Commission. The Nungan district of Kirin province was the native […]

Ma Chan-shan (1885-29 November 1950), governor of Heilungkiang at the end of 1931. He and his Manchurian troops gained worldwide attention during the Nonni River battle of November 1931. Little is known about Ma Chan-shan's family background or early years except that he was born in Huaiteh, Fengtien Liaoning;, and that he joined the Fengtien […]

Chang Tso-lin 張作霖 T. Yü-t'ing 雨亭 Chang Tso-lin (1873-June 1928), known as the Old Marshal, military leader who consolidated control of the Northeast. He began as the leader of a local army in Fengtien and rose to rule Manchuria as a virtually autonomous state from 1919 to his death. After 1924, Chang extended his control […]