Osman (1899-April 1951), was a Kirei Kazakh military leader. He was executed in 1951 for opposing the Chinese Communists. A Kazakh of the Kirei tribe, Osman was born in an encampment in the Altai region of northeast Sinkiang. The Kazakhs of Sinkiang were nomadic herdsmen, and Osman received his basic Islamic education in various encampments. […]

Ch'ü Ch'iu-pai (29 January 1899-18June 1935), Communist writer, became vice chairman of the propaganda department of the Chinese Communist party and wrote many pamphlets and articles. He unseated Ch'en Tu-hsiu to become general secretary of the party in 1927, but was criticized and removed from office in 1928. He became prominent in the League of […]

Burhan 鮑爾漢 Alt. Burhan Shahidi Burhan (1894-), political leader, gained notice through his activities in Sinkiang politics for more than 30 years. He was governor of the province from 1949 through 1955. After 1955 he was a leading official representative of Communist China's Muslim minority. There are numerous pockets of obscurity in Burhan's career. His […]