Chiang Hai-ch'eng ( 1910—), known as Ai Ch'ing, poet. As a prominent literary figure committed to the doctrines of Mao Tse-tung, he held official posts at Peking from 1949 to 1958, when he was censured as a rightist. Iwu, Chinhua hsien, Chekiang province, was the birthplace of Ai Ch'ing. His family owned much land in […]
Chu P'ei-te (29 October 1888-17 February 1937), Nationalist military officer. He was commander of the Third Army during the Northern Expedition in 1926-27 and governor of Kiangsi in 1927-29. Later, he served as chief of general staff, director general of military training, and director of the administrative office of the Military Affairs Commission. Yenhsing hsien, […]
Chu Teh 朱德 T. Yü-chieh 玉階 Chu Teh (18 December 1886-), commander in chief of the Chinese Communist forces for many years, became associated with Mao Tse-tung in 1928, when their forces combined to form the Fourth Red Army and to establish the central Communist base in Kiangsi. During the 1930's and early 1940's Chu […]
Chou Yang (1908-), literary theorist better known for his advocacy of Chinese Communist theories than for his literary achievements. After 1949, he became responsible for issuing Chinese Communist party directives in cultural matters and for detecting deviations from party doctrine in literature and the arts. Nothing is known about Chou Yang's childhood or his family […]
Chao Shu-li (1903-), writer and newspaperman, was known for his short stories and novels, which embodied the May 1942 literary directives set forth at Yenan by Mao Tse-tung. He edited the Hsin ta-chung [the new masses], later known as the Kung-jen pao [the workers' paper] Chinshui, Shansi, was the birthplace of Chao Shu-li. His father […]
Chao Heng-t'i (1880-), Hunanese general and governor of Hunan from 1921-26. As governor he attempted to put into practice the constitutionalist ideas of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao (q.v.). A native of Hengshan, Hunan, Chao Hengt'i was born into a fairly prosperous family. His father, Chao Tzu-ying, was a sheng-yuan and had a local reputation as an accomplished […]
Chang Lan (1872-February 1955), Szechwanese political leader, was the first chairman of the China Democratic League; from 1949 to 1954 Chang served as one of the three non-Communist vice chairmen of the Central People's Government. Born into a scholarly family in Nanch'ung, Szechwan, Chang Lan received a traditional Chinese education and was respected in later […]
Chang Nai-ch'i (1897-), banking official, economist, and politician, was one of the founders of the National Salvation Association nucleus in Shanghai in 1936 and of the Democratic National Construction Association in Chungking in 1945. From 1952 to 1957 he was minister of food at Peking; then he came under censure as a rightist and was […]
Chang Ch'ün (1899-), prominent member of the Kuomintang, was a close friend of Chiang Kai-shek and of Huang Fu (q.v.). As minister of foreign affairs in 1935-37, he played an important role in China's relations with Japan. He served as secretary general of the Supreme National Defense Council (1938-42) and as wartime governor of Szechwan […]
Chang Shih-chao ( 1 88 1-), journalist, educator, government official, and lawyer, established his claim to prominence in the fields of Chinese letters and political thought primarily as the editor of such journals as the Su-pao, the Tu-li chou-pao [independent weekly], and especially the Chia-yin [tiger] group of publications. A native of Changsha, Hunan, Chang […]
