Sheng Shih-ts'ai (1895-), military adventurer from Manchuria who seized power in Sinkiang in 1933 and ruled that province for nine years with Soviet aid. In 1943 he switched allegiance to the Chinese Nationalists, who, however, dislodged him from his seat of power in 1944. The Kaiyuan district of Liaoning in southern Manchuria was the birthplace […]

Tu Chung-yuan (1895-1943), liberal journalist associated in Shanghai with Tsou T'ao-fen (q.v.) in dissemination ofanti-Japanese materials before 1937, for which action he was arrested by the National Government. He later went to Sinkiang, where he served under his fellow- Manchurian Sheng Shih-ts'ai (q.v.), who in 1943 had him executed as a "leftist." The Kaiyuan district […]

Ch'en T'an-ch'iu 陳潭秋 Ch'en T'an-ch'iu (1889 - 27 September 1943) helped to establish the Communist nucleus in Wuhan (1920) and organized the Hupeh branch of the Chinese Communist party. He became the senior Chinese Communist official in Sinkiang in 1939. Sheng Shih-ts'ai (q.v.) had him arrested (1942) and executed (1943). Little is known of the […]

Burhan 鮑爾漢 Alt. Burhan Shahidi Burhan (1894-), political leader, gained notice through his activities in Sinkiang politics for more than 30 years. He was governor of the province from 1949 through 1955. After 1955 he was a leading official representative of Communist China's Muslim minority. There are numerous pockets of obscurity in Burhan's career. His […]

Mao Tse-tung 毛澤東 T. Jun-chih 潤之 Mao Tse-tung (26 December 1893-), leader of the Chinese Communist party and founder of the People's Republic of China. Shaoshan, Hsiangt'an hsien, Hunan, was the birthplace of Mao Tse-tung. This agriculturally productive and culturally advanced section of Hunan produced two of the outstanding scholargenerals of the late Ch'ing period, […]