Chang Kuo-t'ao (1897-), one of the founders of the Chinese Communist movement, was an influential leader of the Chinese Communist party until 1938, when he defected to the National Government after coming into conflict with Mao Tse-tung. In the 1920's, Chang headed the China Trade Union Secretariat. In the early 1930's, he was one of […]
Hsü Hsiang-ch'ien (1902-), Communist military commander, served under Chang Kuo-t'ao in the Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei soviet area (193132)' and in Szechwan and Sikang (1932-36). Wut'ai, Shansi, was the birthplace of Hsü Hsiang-ch'ien. Little is known about his background except that his father was a sheng-yuan. Hsü received a primary education in the Chinese classics and then enrolled […]
Ma Pu-ch'ing ( 1898-), Chinese Muslim general. He was the elder brother of Ma Pu-fang. The elder brother of Ma Pu-fang (q.v.), Ma Pu-ch'ing was born in Linhsia (Hochow), Kansu. After receiving his primary education in the Chinese classics, he enrolled at the Kansu First Provincial Middle School. About 1916 he entered military service as […]
Ma Hung-k'uei (1893-), son of Ma Fu-hsiang who served as governor of Ninghsia from 1933 to 1948. The son of Ma Fu-hsiang (q.v.). Ma Hungk'uei was a native of Hanchiachi in Taoho hsien, Kansu. He received a military education, completing his studies at the Kansu Military Academy at Lanchow in 1910. Beginning in 1913 he […]
Ma Chung-ying (1911- ? ), Chinese Muslim military leader, took part in the 1931 rebellion of Muslims in Sinkiang against Chinese rule. In 1933 his cavalry forces again attempted to remove Chinese authority from the area, but were pushed into southern Sinkiang by White Russian forces. Ma entered the Soviet Union in July 1934 and […]
Lo Chia-lun (1896-), one of the principal leaders of the May Fourth Movement while a student at Peking University. He later was president of Tsinghua (1928-31) and National Central (1932-41) universities, and he served the National Government as Sinkiang supervisory commissioner and as ambassador to India (1946-49). Although his native place was Shaohsing, Chekiang, Lo […]
