Ting Wen-chiang (13 April 1887-5 January 1936), known as V. K. Ting, professor of geology at Peking University (1931-34) and secretary general of the Academia Sinica (1934-36) who was best known for his achievements as founder and first director (1916-21) of the China Geological Survey. Born into a gentry family in T'aihsing, Kiangsu, V. K. […]

Ch'en Yuan 陳垣 (1880-), historian, was president of Fu-jen University for many years after 1 929. He was known for his studies of the Yuan period and of the history of religion in China. In 1952 he became president of Peking Normal University, which absorbed the facilities of Fu-jen. Little is known of Ch'en Yuan's […]

Ch'en, Eugene 陳友仁 Ch'en Yu-jen Eugene Ch'en (1878-20 November 1944), antiimperialist, publicist, lawyer, and government official, was a protege of Sun Yat-sen. He was particularly well known as the editor of journals and the author of political manifestoes. San Fernando on the island of Trinidad in the British West Indies was the birthplace of Eugene […]

Ch'en San-li 陳三立 Ch'en San-li (1852 - 15 September 1937) helped to develop reform and modernization programs in Hunan while his father, Ch'en Pao-chen, was governor (1895-98). After the failure of the Hundred Days Reform of 1898, he was banished from government service. He then became a noted poet and essayist. The Ch'en San-li branch […]

Ch'en Lu 陳籙 Tcheng Loh Ch'en Lu (24 April 1876 - 19 February 1939) was known as the chief Chinese negotiator of the 1915 Treaty of Kiakhta, which defined the international status of Outer Mongolia. From 1915 to 1917 he was Chinese high commissioner at Urga (Ulan Bator). From 1920 to 1927 he was Chinese […]

Ch'en Chiung-ming 陳炯明 Ch'en Chiung-ming (13 January 1878 - 22 September 1933) was an anti-Manchu revolutionary who became an early republican governor of Kwangtung. After Yuan Shih-k'ai deposed him in 1913, he participated in the anti-Yuan campaigns and then headed the forces of Sun Yatsen's constitution protection movement. In October 1920 he occupied Canton, and […]

Ch'en Tu-hsiu 陳獨秀 Ch'en Ch'ien-sheng 乾生 T. Chung-fu 仲甫 H. Shih-an 實庵 Pseud. Chung(-tzu) 仲（子） Ch'en Tu-hsiu (8 October 1879-27 May 1942), as editor of the Hsin ch'ing-nien [new youth] and dean of the college of letters of Peking University, was a leader of the literary and cultural revolution that culminated in the May Fourth […]

Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan (1861 —March 1933), prominent Ch'ing official and rival of Yuan Shih-k'ai. He played a leading role in the anti- Yuan campaigns of 1915-16. He later joined the southern military government at Canton, serving as its head in 1918-19. A native of the Hsilin district of Kwangsi, Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan was the third of seven […]

Ts'ai O (18 December 1882-8 November 1916), able and scholarly Hunanese military commander who served as military governor of Yunnan after the revolution. In 1913-15 he held posts at Peking while laying plans for a revolt against Yuan Shih-k'ai, who hoped to become monarch. The anti-Yuan campaign began at Yunnan in December 1915 and ended […]

Wang Ching-wei 汪精衛 Orig. Wang Chao-ming 汪兆銘 Wang Ching-wei (4 May 1883-10 November 1944), Kuomintang leader and intimate political associate of Sun Yat-sen. At the time of the Sino-Japanese war, after more than a decade of feuding with Chiang Kai-shek for top authority in the Kuomintang, Wang became head of a Japanese-sponsored regime established at […]