Ulanfu (1903-), Tumet Mongol who joined the Chinese Communist party in 1927 and rose to become its principal representative in Inner Mongolia. In the 1950's and early 1960's he dominated party, government, and military structures in that region. Ulanfu became a target ofcriticism during the so-called Cultural Revolution and was removed from his posts in […]

T'an P'ing-shan (1887-2 April 1956), one of the most influential Communists in the Kuomintang hierarchy during the 1924-26 period of alliance. Upon his expulsion from both parties in 1927, he became a leader of the so-called Third party at Shanghai. He was readmitted to the Kuomintang in 1937, but he later helped organize the dissident […]

Shen Tse-min ( 1 898- 1 934) , writer and translator who worked to introduce Western concepts to the readers of the Hsiao-shuo yüeh-pao [short story magazine] and other journals. He later joined the Chinese Communist party and spent four years studying in the Soviet Union. The younger brother of Mao Tun (Shen Yen-ping, q.v.), […]

Shen Yin-mo (1887-), professor of history and literary man who later won fame as a calligrapher. Wuhsing, Chekiang, was the native place of Shen Yin-mo. After receiving a traditional primary education in the Chinese classics, he attended the Chiahsing Normal School and later joined his brothers, Shen Shih-yuan and Shen Chien-shih, in Japan for advanced […]

Ch'ü Ch'iu-pai (29 January 1899-18June 1935), Communist writer, became vice chairman of the propaganda department of the Chinese Communist party and wrote many pamphlets and articles. He unseated Ch'en Tu-hsiu to become general secretary of the party in 1927, but was criticized and removed from office in 1928. He became prominent in the League of […]

Ch'ien Hsuan-t'ung (12 September 1887-17 January 1939), applied the critical methods of Hu Shih to the study of Chinese classical texts. He taught for many years at Peking University, where he contributed articles to the Hsin ch'ing-nien [new youth] and served as one of its editors. He was also a leader in the movement to […]

P'eng Shu-chih (1896-), close associate of Ch'en Tu-hsiu who left the Chinese Communist party with Ch'en and became a leader of the Trotskyist movement in China. Born in Hunan, P'eng Shu-chih came from a peasant family which was relatively well-to-do by Chinese rural standards. After receiving his early education in Hunan, he went to Shanghai […]

Lu Chung-lin (1884-), military officer and long-time subordinate of Feng Yü-hsiang who became minister of w^ar at Nanking in 1929. When the northern coalition collapsed and the command structure of the Kuominchün disintegrated in 1930, he broke with Feng. He later served the National Government as minister of conscription and the Central People's Government as […]

Liu Chih-tan (1903-April 1936), Chinese Communist guerrilla leader who, with Kao Kang (q.v.), carved out the northern Shensi base that became the final destination of the Long March. A native of Shensi, Liu Chih-tan was born into a landowning family in the Paoan district. After completing his primary education in the early 1920's, he enrolled […]

Liu Jen-ching (1899-), founding member of the Chinese Communist party who became a leading Trotskyist in <^he 1930's. He remained in China after 1949 and made a public statement regarding his earlier political errors. Little is known about Liu Jen-ching's family background or early education except that he was born in Hupeh. At the time […]