Chu P'ei-te (29 October 1888-17 February 1937), Nationalist military officer. He was commander of the Third Army during the Northern Expedition in 1926-27 and governor of Kiangsi in 1927-29. Later, he served as chief of general staff, director general of military training, and director of the administrative office of the Military Affairs Commission. Yenhsing hsien, […]

Chang Nai-ch'i (1897-), banking official, economist, and politician, was one of the founders of the National Salvation Association nucleus in Shanghai in 1936 and of the Democratic National Construction Association in Chungking in 1945. From 1952 to 1957 he was minister of food at Peking; then he came under censure as a rightist and was […]

Chang Shih-chao ( 1 88 1-), journalist, educator, government official, and lawyer, established his claim to prominence in the fields of Chinese letters and political thought primarily as the editor of such journals as the Su-pao, the Tu-li chou-pao [independent weekly], and especially the Chia-yin [tiger] group of publications. A native of Changsha, Hunan, Chang […]

Yang Yung-t'ai (1880-25 October 1936), revolutionary propagandist, leader of the socalled Political Science Group, and one of the most influential bureaucrats in Chiang Kaishek's entourage in the early 1930's. From 1932 to 1936 he was secretary of Chiang's Nanchang headquarters. Soon after becoming governor of Hupeh in 1936, he was assassinated. Maoming, Kwangtung, was the […]

Hsiung Shih-hui (1894-) served Chiang Kaishek as an officer on the Northern Expedition, governor of Kiangsi (1931-41), head of a military mission to the United States (194243), and head of the Northeast headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission (1945-47). He then lived in Hong Kong, Macao, and Bangkok before moving to Taiwan in 1954. Born […]

Sun Ch'uan-fang (1884-13 November 1935), Peiyang warlord who won control of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Kiangsi, Anhwei, and Fukien in the mid-1920's. It was only with the collapse of his power in 1927 that the success of the Northern Expedition became a certainty. Sun was assassinated in 1935. A native of Linch'eng hsien, Shantung, Sun Ch'uan-fang grew […]

Li Lieh-chün 李烈鈞 Orig. Li Lieh-hsun 李烈訓 T. Hsieh-ho 協和 H. Hsia-huang 俠黃 Li Lieh-chün (1882-1946), T'ung-meng-hui military man who commanded troops at Kiukiang, Anking, and Wuchang during the 1911 revolution. As military governor of Kiangsi, he led the Kuomintang's so-called second revolution of 1913. He joined with Ts'ai O and T'ang Chi-yao in leading […]

Ch'eng Ch'ien (1882-), Hunanese general, served Sun Yat-sen in many military campaigns. Later, he became commander of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (1926) and of the Fourth Route armies (1927). He later held such positions as chief of the general staff (1935), commander of the First War Area (1937), and governor of […]

Ts'ai O (18 December 1882-8 November 1916), able and scholarly Hunanese military commander who served as military governor of Yunnan after the revolution. In 1913-15 he held posts at Peking while laying plans for a revolt against Yuan Shih-k'ai, who hoped to become monarch. The anti-Yuan campaign began at Yunnan in December 1915 and ended […]

Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan (1861 —March 1933), prominent Ch'ing official and rival of Yuan Shih-k'ai. He played a leading role in the anti- Yuan campaigns of 1915-16. He later joined the southern military government at Canton, serving as its head in 1918-19. A native of the Hsilin district of Kwangsi, Ts'en Ch'un-hsuan was the third of seven […]