Chiang Fang-chen (13 October 1882-4 October 1938), trained in military science in Japan and Germany, did much to revolutionize military training in republican China and was powerful as adviser to many military commanders, notably Wu P'ei-fu, Sun Ch'uan-fang, and Chiang Kai-shek. He also introduced to China knowledge of Western culture, constitutional ideas, and military practices. […]

Ting Wen-chiang (13 April 1887-5 January 1936), known as V. K. Ting, professor of geology at Peking University (1931-34) and secretary general of the Academia Sinica (1934-36) who was best known for his achievements as founder and first director (1916-21) of the China Geological Survey. Born into a gentry family in T'aihsing, Kiangsu, V. K. […]