Chou Hsueh-hsi (12 January 1866-26 September 1947), industrial promoter and entrepreneur. He served Yuan Shih-k'ai in the field of economic modernization in north China and then as minister of finance. He organized the Ch'i-hsin Cement Company, established the Peking Water Works, and was one of the central figures in the successful Chinese efforts to regain […]

Wang Chia-hsiang (1907-), Russian-trained Communist leader who directed the general political department of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army in Kiangsi and headed the Academy for Military and Political Cadres in Yenan. In 1949-50 he was ambassador to the Soviet Union, and in 1956 he was elected to the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist […]

Ou-yang Ching-wu (20 November 1871-23 February 1943), leading Buddhist layman and scholarly representative of the wei-shih school. The son of an assistant department director in the Board of Civil Affairs, Ou-yang Ching-wu was born in Ihuang, Kiangsi. His father died when Ou-yang was six, and he was raised by his mother and other female relatives. […]

Ts'ai O (18 December 1882-8 November 1916), able and scholarly Hunanese military commander who served as military governor of Yunnan after the revolution. In 1913-15 he held posts at Peking while laying plans for a revolt against Yuan Shih-k'ai, who hoped to become monarch. The anti-Yuan campaign began at Yunnan in December 1915 and ended […]

Mao Tse-tung 毛澤東 T. Jun-chih 潤之 Mao Tse-tung (26 December 1893-), leader of the Chinese Communist party and founder of the People's Republic of China. Shaoshan, Hsiangt'an hsien, Hunan, was the birthplace of Mao Tse-tung. This agriculturally productive and culturally advanced section of Hunan produced two of the outstanding scholargenerals of the late Ch'ing period, […]