Chang Wen-t'ien (1898-), known as Lo-fu, a writer and translator, was one of a group of Russian-trained Chinese Communists known as the 28 Bolsheviks. General secretary of the Chinese Communist party in the mid-1 930's, he was ambassador to the Soviet Union 1951-55 and senior vice minister of foreign affairs 1955-59. Nanhui, a suburb of […]
Wang Chia-hsiang (1907-), Russian-trained Communist leader who directed the general political department of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army in Kiangsi and headed the Academy for Military and Political Cadres in Yenan. In 1949-50 he was ambassador to the Soviet Union, and in 1956 he was elected to the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist […]
Shen Tse-min ( 1 898- 1 934) , writer and translator who worked to introduce Western concepts to the readers of the Hsiao-shuo yüeh-pao [short story magazine] and other journals. He later joined the Chinese Communist party and spent four years studying in the Soviet Union. The younger brother of Mao Tun (Shen Yen-ping, q.v.), […]
Ch'in Pang-hsien (1907-8 April 1946), one of the Russian-trained intellectuals known as the 28 Bolsheviks, was the general secretary of the Chinese Communist party (1932-34). From 1936 to 1946 he served as a liaison officer in negotiations with the National Government. He also headed the New China News Agency (1941-45) and edited the official Communist […]
Chiang Ching-kuo (1909-), the eldest son of Chiang Kai-shek. After spending almost 12 years in the Soviet Union, he returned to China and served the National Government in various posts. In Taiwan, Chiang advanced steadily in influence and importance, heading the general political department of the ministry of defense and then serving as deputy secretary […]
K'ang Sheng (1899-), Chinese Communist leader in security and intelligence work in Shanghai and at Yenan. Chuch'eng, a small city in eastern Shantung, was the birthplace of K'ang Sheng. His father was a moderately wealthy landholder. Little is known about K'ang's childhood or primary education. About 1920 he went to Shanghai to attend the Shanghai […]
Ho Meng-hsiung Ho Meng-hsiung (1903-7 February 1931), Chinese Communist labor organizer who opposed Li Li-san's policies. He was expelled from the Chinese Communist party in 1931 after opposing the leadership of Chen Shao-yü. He was executed by the Nationalists. Mao Tse-tung later praised him as a "noble martyr." Little is known of Ho Meng-hsiung's early […]
Ai Ssu-ch'i 艾思奇 Ai Ssu-ch'i (1905-22 March 1966), ideologue, became prominent in the Chinese Communist movement as a popularizer of Marxist-Leninist theories in such works as his Ta-chung che-hsueh [philosophy for the masses] and in his articles in the Communist party magazine Hsueh-hsi [study]. Virtually nothing is known of Ai Ssu-ch'i's family background or his […]
