Ku Chu-t'ung (9 January 1893-), Kuomintang military leader whose many important posts included : commander of the Third War Area (1937-45), commander in chief of the Chinese Nationalist army (1946-47; 1949), chief of general staff in the ministry of national defense (1948-49). In Taiwan, he became secretary general of the National Defense Council in 1959 […]
Ku Hung-ming (1857-30 April 1928), European-educated scholar and long-time subordinate of Chang Chih-tung who was known as a trenchant critic of the Westernization of China and a staunch defender of traditional Confucian values. The ancestors of Ku Hung-ming had come from T'ungan, Fukien, near Amoy. However, his family had resided for generations before his birth […]
Kuo T'ai-ch'i (1889-29 February 1952), known as Quo Tai-chi, government official and diplomat who was best known as China's envoy to Great Britain (1932-41) and as a delegate to the League of Nations (1932-38). He bore much of the responsibility for formulating foreign policy at Chungking from 1941 to 1946. After serving as a delegate […]
Feng Yü-hsiang 馮御香 (馮玉祥) Orig. Feng Chi-shan 馮基善 T. Huan-chang 煅章 Feng Yü-hsiang (1882-1 September 1948), military leader known as the Christian General, built up a formidable personal army, the Kuominchün, and dominated much of north China until his power was broken in 1930. Although his native place was Chaohsien, Anhwei, Feng Yü-hsiang was born […]
Feng Kuo-chang (7 January 1859-28 December 1919), one of the most powerful officers of Yuan Shih-k'ai's Feiyang military clique, was military governor of Chihh (1912-13) and Kiangsu (1913-17). After Yuan died, he became vice president (1916-17) and acting president (191718) of the Peking government. He was the leader of the Chihli clique, which opposed the […]
Tuan Ch'i-jui 段祺瑞 T. Chih-ch'üan 芝泉 H. Cheng-tao lao-jen 正道老人 Tuan Ch'i-jui (6 March 1865-2 November 1936), Peiyang military leader and head of the Anhwei clique. He served at Peking as minister of war (1912-14), premier (April-June 1916; June 1916-May 1917; July-November 1917; March-October 1918), and as provisional chief executive at Peking from November 1924 […]
Tai Chi-t'ao (6 January 1891-11 February 1949), journalist and personal secretary to Sun Yat-sen who, after Sun's death in 1925, became one of the most authoritative anti-Communist interpreters of the Three People's Principles. He was president of the Examination Yuan from its inception in 1928 until 1948. In his later years he became a devout […]
Ch'en Ch'i-mei 陳其美 Ch'en Ch'i-mei (1876-18 May 1916), anti- Manchu revolutionary, early patron of Chiang Kai-shek, and supporter of Sun Yat-sen, recruited men and directed such uprisings as the capture of Shanghai in November 1911. During and after the so-called second revolution he opposed and organized maneuvers against Yuan Shih-k'ai. Yuan had him assassinated in […]
Ch'en Ming-shu 陳銘樞 Ch'en Ming-shu (1890 - 15 May 1965), prominent Kwangtung military man, commanded the Eleventh Army, was civil governor of Kwangtung from 1929 to 1931, and in 1931 took command of the Nineteenth Route Army. He was best known for leading the Fukien revolt in November 1933. In 1949 hejoined the Peking government, […]
Ts'ao Ju-lin (1876-4 August 1966), pro-Japanese official at Peking who was one of the principal targets of the May Fourth Incident of 1919. Born at Shanghai, Ts'ao Ju-lin was the son of Ts'ao Yü-ts'ai, a scholar who held the shengyuan degree. The young Ts'ao was given a thorough grounding in the Chinese classics. At the […]
