Li Daming

Name in Chinese
李大明
Name in Wade-Giles
Li Ta-ming
Related People

Biography in English

Li Ta-ming (1904-18 March 1961), newspaper publisher and editor in China and the United States and a leader of the Constitutionalist party. He succeeded his long-time associate Wu Hsien-tzu as editor of the Chinese World in San Francisco.

Soon after the birth of Li Ta-ming on the island of Kauai, Hawii, his family moved to Honolulu, where they lived until Li was six sui. His father, Li Lin, was a merchant. Li Ta-ming had two living elder brothers (the first-born son in the family having died before 1904) and a sister. In 1909 the Li family left Honolulu and returned to Li Lin's native home at Shekki, Kwangtung, where the elder Li died two years later. After receiving his early education in Shekki, Li Ta-ming went to Honolulu in 1918, where he published a Chinese-language periodical Ch'en-hsi [dawn]. Although only 15 sui, he spent almost a year in Honolulu and wrote almost all of the articles for his magazine. He returned to China in 1919 and studied for two years in Canton and Hong Kong.

In 1921 Li Ta-ming helped to found the Ta-t'ung jih-pao [Ta-t'ung daily] at Hong Kong and made the acquaintance of Hsü Ch'in and Wu Hsien-tzu (q.v.), who were long-time associates of K'ang Yu-wei (q.v.). Through them he met and became a supporter of K'ang Yu-wei. Li continued to write for the Ta-t'ung jih-pao until 1926 and became known as an able political commentator. For a time, he and Ch'en Tu-hsiu (q.v.), one of the founders of the Chinese Communist party, engaged in heated debate on political matters.

In 1926, at the request of Hsü Ch'in, Li went to Hawaii, the United States, and Europe to assess the activities of Constitutionalist party branches and to direct anti-Kuomintang propaganda campaigns. After returning to Hong Kong in March 1927, he began to draft a plan for the reorganization of the Constitutionalist party for submission to K'ang Yu-wei, but he abandoned it when K'ang died at Tsingtao on 31 March. Li continued to work for the Constitutionalist party, and in 1928 he went to San Francisco to assist Wu Hsien-tzu in publishing the party newspaper Chinese World.

Beginning in 1929, he also served as principal of the newly established Confucian School there. Li Ta-ming returned to China in 1932 and founded the Oriental Press at Hong Kong. When this enterprise collapsed in 1934, he went to Shanghai, where he served as an adviser to a leading department store, the Sun Company. In 1936 he made a tour of north China and wrote the well-known Pei-yu yin-hsiang [impressions from a northern journey], which was published in Shanghai in 1937. He went to Hawaii in 1938 and became editor of the New China Daily Press, a Constitutionalist party newspaper. He also taught history and philosophy at the Mun Lun School in Honolulu.

Soon after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the American authorities in Honolulu prohibited the publishing of Chinese and Japanese newspapers in the area. Li protested the ban and caused it to be lifted. At the request of the Constitutionalist party, Li Ta-ming went to San Francisco in 1944 to succeed Wu Hsien-tzu as the editor of Chinese World. At the time of the United Nations Conference on International Organization in 1945, he met with Carsun Chang (Chang Chia-sen, q.v.) to discuss the possibilities of combining the Constitutionalist party and the National Socialist party to form a new political group. The Constitutionalists met in November at Montreal, Canada, and renamed their organization the Chinese Democratic Constitutional party, with Wu Hsien-tzu as chairman and Li Ta-ming as his deputy and head of the American overseas headquarters. The new name proclaimed that the party had outgrown its royalist tendencies.

In 1946 Li Ta-ming returned to China and participated in the August meeting in Shanghai at which the Democratic Constitutional party and the National Socialist party combined to become the Democratic Socialist party, with Carsun Chang as chairman and Wu Hsien-tzu as vice chairman. At that time, the National Government was attempting to undercut Communist influence and to broaden its own structure by offering posts to members of minor political parties. Li Ta-ming was appointed minister without portfolio, but he refused the post. Li and other Constitutionalists soon became dissatisfied with the policies of the Democratic Socialist party and withdrew from it. Li went to Honolulu in 1947, but returned to Nanking the following year as a delegate to the new National Assembly.

In 1949 he went to San Francisco and resumed management of the Chinese World, which then had the largest circulation of any Chinese-language daily in the United States. Under his direction, the Chinese World became the first overseas Chinese newspaper to inaugurate an English-language section. Li launched a New York edition of the Chinese World in 1950, but it was not a success. Because Wu Hsien-tzu retired from politics in the 1950's, Li Ta-ming became the leading spokesman for the Democratic Constitutional party. He continued to oppose the Chinese Communists and to criticize the Nationalists on Taiwan until his death on 18 March 1961.

He was survived by his wife, Kuo Hsiu-ch'un (Lily Kwok), whom he had married in San Francisco in 1946, and by his two sons, Pao-lin (Paul) and Chün-ch'ao (John).

Biography in Chinese

李大明

原名,李帝明

李大明(1804—1961.3.18),他在中国和美国曾任报纸发行人和编辑,宪政党首领,他长期和伍宪子在旧金山编《中华世界》报。

李大明在夏威夷考爱岛出生后,全家迁到檀香山,他有两个哥哥,一个妹妹,他父亲是一个盲人。1906年李大明六岁,全家迁回广东石歧老家两年后,他的长兄在那里去世。他在家乡初受教育后,于1918年去檀香山,出版中文杂志《晨曦》,那时,他虽只有十五岁,但是杂志上的大多数文章是他写的。1919年回国,在广州,香港读了两年书。

1921年,他在香港协同创办了《大同日报》,与徐勤,伍宪子结识。伍宪子和康有为长期合作,因此李大明立即成了康有为的支持者。1926年前,他一直为《大同日报》写文章,成了一个知名的政治评论家,一时曾与共产党的首创人陈独秀进行过辩驳。

1926年,李大明应徐勤之邀,去檀香山,美国、欧洲,从事宪政党活动,从事反对国民党的宣传。1927年3月回香港,着手为康有为起草宪政党纲领,3月11日,康有为死在青岛,这一计划中止了,但仍为宪政党工作。1928年去
旧金山,协助伍宪子出版《中华世界》,并任该地孔教会分会会长。

19
32年,李大明回国在香港成立东方出版社,1934年,该出版社破产,他去上海,任孙记百货公司顾问。1936年,他去华北1937年在上海出版了一本颇为闻名的《北游印象》。1938年去夏威夷任宪政党机关报《新中华日报》编辑,又在檀香山懋陆学较教历史、哲学。1941年12月,日军袭击珍珠港,美国当局禁止出版中、日文报刊,经李大明抗议后,禁令取消。

1944年,李大明应宪政党之请,去旧金山继伍宪子编辑《中华世界》报。当联合国国际级织会议时,他遇见了张嘉森商讨合并宪政党和国家社会党。11月,宪政党成员在加拿大蒙特利尔开会,决定改名为中国民主宪政党,伍宪子为主席,李大明为副主席兼美国海外分会主席,这个新改名的政党宣称渊源于保皇党的思想。

1946年,李大明回国,8月,在上海开会,合并民主宪政党和国家社会党为民主社会党,张嘉森任主席,伍宪子任副主席。当时,国民政府为了要削弱共产党扩大自己的势力把一些政府职位让给小党派,任李大明为不管部长,李未接受,他和原宪政党的一些人对民主社会党不感兴趣而退出,于1947年回檀香山,不久又同南京任国民大会代表。1949年又去旧金山重新主持《中华世界报》,这是当时在美国销售最大的份中文报纸,又首创出刊英文版,1950年准备出纽约版而未能成功。

五十年代中,伍宪子退岀政界,李大明成了民主宪政党的主要发言人,他继续反对共产党,批评台湾的国民党,他死于1961年3月18日,遗有1946年在旧金山结婚的妻子郭淑珍,两个儿子保罗、约翰。

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